Vitamin Rivers,a color film produced Caravel

well it looks like it's finis to oranges from India over to Southwest Asia see this one these radians are carrying oranges on a cow back through the Middle East with all the fruit loaded on their camels people who lived on the south shores of the Mediterranean warned just for hundreds of years before the Crusaders brought them into other parts of Europe and the first orange seeds are supposed to have come over to America with Christopher Columbus for sailing this one I'm working on this shows when other Explorer came over a lot later they found orange tree wild in Florida so naturally they thought the fruit was to this country they didn't know then that orange trees can live and bear fruit for years and years that's right and and you know all during that time the tree never rests you will see ripe fruit on the same tree with newly opened blossoms and then pretty soon those blossoms become oranges too I learned quite a bit about fruits and vegetables in Agricultural College well that was back in the days before I decided to come a pilot gee that's great maybe you could help you know oh you want to put the old man to work eh well it should be a lot more fun than some of those arithmetic problems we've had lately huh Nia what do you want to know oh that's a cinch man run out in the kitchen and ask your mother for a can of orange juice with you I think there's a pretty good picture of an orange blossom on one of those cans we bought today probably because you didn't bring the groceries in from the car I did ok what snake you know where they grow back Nora oh that's easy too right here in the United States we grow more oranges lemons grapefruit and other citrus fruits than any other nation in fact I understand it's the biggest agricultural industry in Florida in California Texas grows a lot of grapefruit for juice too and so does Arizona trees grow anywhere people wanted to plant them in this country fraid not Ann you've got to have the right climate for one thing very little cold weather and lots of warm sunshine that's the only way to go soil is mighty important to why even in Florida the light sandy soil has to be carefully cultivated so they can grow hardy fruit trees and also seeds have to be selected very carefully they have to be sure to plant the kind that will grow well in this soyal oh but nature's got a lot of tricks up her sleeve even with the right climate good soil and the right seeds growers have still another problem all these things may grow a fine tree all right but it's not always one which gives the best oranges so the growers outsmart nature like this when trees from their selected seed has grown enough so each tree has a strong set of roots and the spreading one they cut a small branch with lots of buds on it from a healthy tree which they know produces a lot of fine oranges then with a sharp knife they carefully slip the bark of a young tree near the ground cut a bud from the branch that came from the heavy berry tree and slide this bud into the slipped good and tight over this graft they wrap a special tape for protection now after the tape has been removed and the bud has taken which means it has started to become a healthy branch of the tree the top of the tree is cut off then when this branch has grown out a little more it's trained up to act as the trunk of what will become a new tree a year or so later the tree with its sturdy strong roots and the trunk borrowed from a tree that bears well is ready for transplanting to a grove where in a few more years it will start bearing tasty juicy fruit provided of course the water supply is watched carefully and growers make sure the trees are properly irrigated and by regular sprayings they eat their trees and the fruit free from insects which might harm them they also protect them from cold if necessary sometimes they warm the air near the trees with heating units when the temperature gets close to freezing as it does once in a while on what our evenings and in some places they use large wind machines to circulate the air over the Grove and keep the trees and the fruit warm you've heard a lot in school and about vitamins minerals and carbohydrates well oranges are packed with all these plus fruit sugars that give us energy they naturally have the greatest amount of these when they're ripened on the tree and picked at the peak of their goodness like any fruit though the oranges perishable when picked fully ripe and it has to be eaten or canned within a short time one of the most interesting parts of my college work was to follow through from the time they loaded the trucks in the orange groves on through the canning process one of the men told me that the oranges they use for candy juice can stay on the tree right up to the moment their rightist because the cannery is usually only a short distance from the girl so there's no delay in getting the juice in cans once the fruit is picked and with orange juice so popular these days more and more of the crop is going into canned juice let me tell you how they do it cannery the oranges are unloaded from big trailer trucks onto a conveyor this sometimes takes them into storage bins just temporarily or it carries them right on through a cleaning and inspection process after they've been cleaned thoroughly and had a careful check for quality they roll along to what are called the juice extracting drums here they roll into cups on the drums just the right size to hold them and are sliced in half as the drums go around on similar drums underneath these are some each half of the orange and squeeze out the juice then it pours stainless steel through machines which strain out the pulp and seeds and these along with the peels are used to make fine kettle foods now that's one way I've seen Kanner's extract the juice however another cannery I went through once used extractors that hold the orange and 1/2 almost like a hand while the other half comes down under pressure and squeezes out the juice in this method a little tube under each orange being squeezed punches a hole in it and his pressure is applied to the orange the juice down through this tube and out into a trough which takes it to other processing machines oh it really makes you thirsty when you see large stainless steel tanks in the mix full of fresh licks some is sweetened here for folks who like it that way and some is blended with grapefruit juice which makes another wonderful drink and from here the juice disappears to large tanks where they take out the excess air it picked up when being squeezed they told me that if the oxygen in this air was allowed to remain it might react with elements in the juice to reduce its flavor and lorry vitamin content then the juice is piped quickly into pasteurizing machines where it's heated to destroy any enzymes and spoilage bacteria but of course not enough to destroy its flavor or goodness now the juice is all ready to be can you know the skin of the orange is nature's way of preserving all the goodness of the fruit until it ripens on the tree then when it's picked it has to be used in a short time but man has improved on nature he's provided a container in which all that goodness can be sealed in indefinitely or at least until we are ready to enjoy it that's what canning really means to everyone is it fast why the modern machines can is use fill and hermetically sealed juice in cans as fast as you can blink your eyes yes I see who acted it much they're responsible for the great expansion of the fruit and vegetable industry of this country giving support to hundreds of thousands of people also making it so easy for people all over the world to enjoy fruit juices whenever they want well here's nice blossom you can copy in your notebook oh and you're right about some growing oranges for juicing California daddy says that for this juice came from well the Spaniard settle both in Florida and California so I guess the orange read both places with them however growing oranges in both states is pretty much the same even though they do have mountains in different soil conditions in California California also grows other fruits for connectors that are mighty good to drink like apricots pears and peaches I'll tell you another mighty interesting thing about this business of canning juices even though it's comparatively young some amazing things have been done in recent years so that more juice can get to more people for instance frozen concentrated orange juice like several other juices that are concentrated candid frozen is juice from which a lot of the natural water has been removed of course it must be kept under refrigeration but when it's canned it needs much less shipping space to market when you want to serve it you just put the water back in again stir it well and presto you've got wonderful tasting orange juice delicious lemonade is made the same way don't you remember seeing mother do it Oh which reminds me let's go see how dinner's coming along stay putting it on the table well I see you already have your favorite juice young man and put these cans refrigerator with you okay gee this family certainly likes a lot of different juices mother well I can't think of a better way for us to get some of the vitamins and minerals we need every day it's probably the same age an but it's only been grown in this country about a hundred years and it's been grown commercially fewer years in that large quantities of grapefruit first came on the market after some severe Frost's practically put the orange out of business back in the 1890s I think it was growers tell me they were originally called the shadek after the man who introduced them to this country but their popular name grapefruit is gotten from their habit of growing in clusters somewhat like grapes that grapefruit juice mother's drinking was probably squeezed in the same way as the orange juice fact is grapefruit was the first to be commercially processed for juice just like the orange it's rich in the important vitamin C and naturally very good for and it tastes good too so does this pineapple juice that you don't know who discovered the pineapple daddy oh yes I do for the same man who discovered the why in islands old Captain Cook laughing oh no daddy the pineapple is supposed to been there already we were told find out native to South America and that there's an old story to some Spanish ships full of pineapples we're shipwrecked here why and some of the floated ashore on the island sure I remember now the pineapple did originate in in Brazil I think it was yeah the natives called it na na meaning fragrance then as you say there are lots of stories about how it got to Hawaii but anyway today raising pineapples is one of their most important industries the fruit is also grown in Puerto Rico Mexico Cuba and several other places I remember when I was based in Hawaii noticing how carefully they cultivated the fields sugarcane is planted in the lowlands and pineapple in the higher fields after the ground is cultivated rolls of mulch paper which is very much like a light roofing paper are laid down in rows and the pineapple plants are put in the ground through holes made in the paper this paper keeps in the moisture and it regulates the temperature and keeps weeds from growing then follows about a 20 to 22 month growing period rain and lots of sprayings help to keep the plants healthy pineapples are not grown from seed but from slips that grow near the base of the fruit from suckers that are lowered down on the stem of the plant or from the crown on the top of the pineapple about 20 months after planting the ripe fruit is ready for harvest each plant will produce another pineapple one year later and then the field is plowed under and allowed to rest right pineapples are wonderful tasting but if they pick them when they're completely ripe pineapples will spoil in a short time or other would spoil if it weren't for the canning process today the fruit that can is used for juice has been fully ripened in the fields this way it has the most fruit sugars and the finest flavor and when picked they're quickly moved to the cannery nearby during theses thousands and powers the pineapples pour into the cannery every day they're an ingenious machine known as the Janaka peels the fruit so that the juice like you're drinking now and can be easily extracted then it's pasteurized like other juices sealed in the powerhouse say an you better not leave this juice out of that notebook honey tomato juice was one of the very first juices to be introduced and tomatoes are grow in all parts of the country hey Ned remember last year we had them in our garden cans already too soon but maybe daddy a plant more this year please sell 4000 I'd never be able to turn out the wonderful tomato juice that canners do not from my little garden find the big growing areas they plant tomatoes with a machine like a tractor a man sits on each side of it down almost at ground level where he can place young plants in the soil at just the right distance apart as it moves along at the same time the machine neatly fills in the soil around each plant and also gives it a squirt of water and sometimes fertilizer then they're all set to start growing plants like that grunting be right along the ground and with proper care and a few months will be loaded with ripe red tomatoes if these tomatoes are fork and juice growers can let them fully ripen on the vine so they'll have the most flavor and food bagging and pick them at just the right moment for truckin to a cannery yep it's quite an interesting sight to see thousands of these fully ripe tomatoes being unloaded at the cannery into a water-filled trough in which they float from the unloading platform right into the plant inside they first get a really thorough cleaning of course and then are carefully checked for quality as they ride along an inspection belt next the whole tomato is passed along to other machines where all its goodness is pressed into liquid form from what are called holding tanks this juice is drawn off to be pasteurized the same as other juices and then filled and sealed quickly in the cans all this in a matter of only a short time after the tomatoes were judged just right for picking well kids I've talked myself right into another grass get him a clean glass because they're all rich in the food Badgers we need to stay healthy no matter how young or old we are say you know and it seems to me the title you want for that notebook of yours should express what canned fruit and veges mean to us and the people all over the world don't forget besides these juices we've been drinking there are lots of other kinds to enjoy made from grapes apples prunes and several kinds of vegetables and just think how can be then health Lloyd is for us they have all the vitamins and natural goodness of these fruits and vegetables extracted for us canned and then practically flowing into our own home like a lot of rivers anytime we want them why that's it why don't you call your notebook on juices vitamin rivers Oh daddy that's a wonderful idea