VITAL SYSTEMS

[Music] [Music] this is the Federal Reserve Bank of New York busiest in the nation it transfers electronically $20 billion each day a third of the federal reserve's [Music] volume this movement of money between Banks takes place entirely within a data processing system composed of two Xerox computers it is a vital [Music] system [Music] this is the Federal Aviation administration's research center near Atlantic City New Jersey new procedures for the efficient and safe use of our nation's airlanes and airports are developed simulated and tested here within Xerox computers the busier our air traffic the more critical the work of this Center the more crucial the reliability of its data processing facility it is a vital system this is Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee one of the nation's eminent communities of Scholars its central processing facility a Xerox computer handles 20,000 to 30,000 jobs a month from the administration from every level of the student body from every discipline of Faculty research the computer runs around the clock it is a vital system this is the Utah biomedical test laboratory in the Great Salt Lake Valley its mission to evaluate the performance of newly developed artificial heart and lung devices a Xerox computer receives and analyzes data during and after surgery critical to This research it is a vital system [Music] this is the gas and electric Operation Center of the San Antonio City Public Service it is one of the most advanced automated Energy Management Systems in the United States its dual Xerox computers control every switch and valve of $500 million worth of facilities providing gas and electricity to the city the uninterrupted flow of this energy depends on the uninterrupted operation of the computer it is a vital [Music] [Music] system [Music] man has harnessed improved and applied the power of the computer faster more efficiently and more widely than any innovation in his history it is now not only the remarkable tool of our time but an indispensable one supporting our science our business our education our government May major elements of our civilization vital systems necessary to turn the very Wheels upon which our society is based increase in number by the day this is the story of five of [Music] them New York's busy Financial District money capital of the [Music] world no single institution epitomizes it quite so well as the Federal Reserve Bank this Bank like its counterparts in other regions plays several roles it is the federal government's bank and a bank for banks it manages the nation's money supply with the goal of of keeping spending in balance with production the Press gathers weekly for its reports on financial conditions total government um Holdings the Securities in the portfolios of the weekly reporting banks in New York City the increase of 212 million uh last week we had an increase of 240 million and uh this figure has been going up consistently in matter of fact it's up a little over a billion dollars net in 6 weeks we've had one decline in 6 weeks the had increase of a billion one uh in um Holdings of uh governments by the uh weekly reporters in New York City because it is responsible for receiving and supplying currency and coin from and to member Bank the Federal Reserve Bank always has huge amounts on hand and security obviously must be [Music] tight but the largest amount the New York Federal Reserve hampers that reflected in its system for transferring funds among member banks is never seen the exchanges all take place within the computers in time segments measured in micros seconds $2 billion is thus shifted in an average working day at the New York Federal Reserve and several billion dollars in government securities as [Music] well the advantages of efficiency and economy achieved by such transfer methods are obvious there are also the advantages of speed so fast is the Xerox computer funds transfer procedure the bank has increased its daily message volume from 6,500 to 20,000 since 1971 when the system was installed and a five-fold increase in that figure is within the realm of Pres capacity this speed is vital to the [Applause] economy Banks get their funds faster loan it out faster it gets into circulation quicker and works harder the economy literally gets more use out of its [Music] [Applause] money air 10715 app can 107 approach proceeded Rog your own course United 244 alha at 5,000 United 244 stand by 244 not 244 here approach 244 course 118 to send and maintain 5,000 m 148 fly heading 170 14 request 165 heading 170 165 Roger the controller and Pilots whose voices you hear are sitting at visual display stations in the Federal Aviation administration's simulation research center near Atlantic City New Jersey the flights they are negotiating and tracking are programmed within zerox computers it is a technique known as simulation modeling reality and thus learning immediately the effects of any proposed changes in that reality how best handled the mix of craft ranging from small private planes to Giant supersonic transports how reduce congestion in the face of increasing air [Applause] traffic how relieve the controller of the tedious monitoring of every flight striving for answers to such questions the research pilots and controllers work at these consoles summoning and directing flights from the computer storage carrying out takeoffs approaches Landings deviating from established flight plans instantly to recreate real air situations compressing time for fast build-ups of air traffic 100 fly heading 10 100 Roger 169 maintain 4,000 169 95 is to the 27 right approach 95 Roger 162 maintain 5, 172 new procedures are being simulated tested validated at this Center the work is vital to our safe use of the air as is the Xerox computing system with which it is being accomplished rthwest 269 3000 269 Alpo proceeding course keep come the [Music] arrivals economics 9 156 jobs Pediatrics 103 jobs physics 1888 jobs mathematics 125 jobs psychology 932 jobs the list continues for another 35 entries it's a part of a report of work coming into the Vanderbilt University Computer Center in a typical month typical total 25,000 jobs through the Xerox computer [Applause] batch processing time sharing computerated instruction printed output plotted output visual display output the University's Xerox Central data processing facility takes it all and does it all 24 hours a day 7 days a week and the workload grows with every day [Applause] for students easy quick access to the system is the byw at Vanderbilt they write their own programs punch their own cards run them pick up their results and leave for faculty researchers the Vanderbuilt computer is linked to scores of terminals all in support of scholarly investigations dedicated to adding to man's Storehouse of knowledge in high energy physics bubble chamber analysis basic to our expanding understanding of subatomic particles and processes this young lady is scanning for interactions in liquid hydrogen bubble chamber the large Atom Smasher at Geneva Switzerland has been used to produce a beam of approximately 10 particles which are injected into the Chamber from this direction much of what we know about the fundamental particles has been gleaned by studying pictures such as these in order to do this experiment measurements must be made in four separate views and a computer is then used to sort the information from these four views and determine the accurate uh angles and curvatures in three-dimensional space in sociology a demographic history tracing racial populations over the past three decades the research that we're doing here is research relating to changes in the racial composition of neighborhoods and the concominant changes in the quality quantity and kind of housing available to blacks in Nashville you can see here on this map we have plotted the racial composition of census tracks that's what these small areas are in Nashville for 1970 we're looking basically at the way this has changed from the period 194 to 1970 the major technical problem that we have with this research and a problem that requires a good deal of use of the computer is that we have an incredibly large merge job that is we have a merge job that must be just about as big as any job that's ever been done from every corner of the campus the work of students and faculty members flows to the computer center Vanderbilt University's vital [Music] system on the Eastern outskirts of Salt Lake city where the valley gives way to the foothills of the wasach mountain range is this unusual new structure it is the only one of its kind in the world it houses the Utah biomedical test laboratory established by the national Heart and Lung Institute operated by the University of Utah uh can you tie it off dist to so uh we're not going to lose it it's tie it off okay here in a hospital likee environment teams of medical and Engineering scientists carry out a critical mission testing and evaluating new artificial heart and lung devices developed throughout the country supporting these researchers in their work is a Xerox Computing system programmed for automatic monitoring of experimental animals during and after surgery the long range goal of the center to speed effective devices to the hands of Physicians with patients now dying from heart or lung [Music] disease every mechanism that arrives at the facility for evaluation is first tested in the engineering Laboratories is it a reliable design does it function efficiently from all aspects of engineering how much stress will it stand how long will it last will it be compatible with the body once these initial questions are answered critical trials [Music] begin members of a surgical team operate on a calf whose chest cavity measurements approximate those of man they incorporate the artificial device under test into the living system throughout this surgical procedure it is imperative that vital physiological signs of the animal be repeatedly monitored measured and recorded data collection instruments receive this Vital Information pressures flows heart rates relaying it instantly and directly to the center's computer system for recording and analysis members of the surgical team or technicians at remote terminals may call forth and review any or all of the physiological measurements at any time an aid to on the spot decision making could you please give me an arterial pressure calibration 100 mm of mercury now that's fine thank you after the operation the animal patient is moved to the Intensive Care Unit physiological monitoring by the computer continues for hours days or even weeks how did the mechanism perform how did the animal's life system respond and react to the device how did it change how did the devic's performance change under the varying conditions of the animal in short is it effective and reliable enough to move on to the next Plateau providing life support to human patients in [Music] need the information gathered analyzed and reported by the online system is critical to the answering of this key question it is a vital system supporting vital research [Applause] [Music] San Antonio Texas for more than a century a Spanish Mexican Outpost sight of the famous Battle of the Alamo in more recent years a flourishing city of more than 3/4 of a [Music] million like any City like any microcosm of civilization San Antonio's lifeblood is its supply of energy the constant surge of electricity the constant flow of gas interrupt it and human activity falters this specially constructed disaster proof building houses San Antonio's Gas and Electric Operation Center Within in it Xerox systems direct one of the most advanced online computer controlled Utility Systems in the nation it is at this moment being emulated by 19 other utilities within it also Energy Management Specialists control the computers from three stations equipped with multiple visual display screens during normal conditions the screens may be dark the operator working at his desk meantime the computer is scanning all Network control points every 10 seconds this means 1.5 million scans a day at one slightest malfunction the screens come to life and alarm at station M3 we have a circuit tripped open the flashing round symbol shows a tripped circuit I will close the circuit I select the point and it comes up in the register and send a Clos signal now the circuit has closed and I will check to make sure that it has closed I am calling for the computer to plot for me the load on the particular circuit we just had trouble on and it shows that I have trouble on two phases and through the computer this tells me that I do have trouble and I have time to send people to the field and to look for trouble On A and C phase every switch every regulator every valve of the gas and electric distribution system located in 80 substations in all are thus [Music] operated the reliability of the computer to assure the reliability of a city's energy it has been estimated that computing power in the United States has doubled every 5 years since 1955 and will continue to do so it has been said that Technical Innovations and improvements have flowed at such a rate they have literally revolutionized the data processing industry every 6 to 7 years and will continue to do so more computers ever speedier and more versatile are assuming more roles supporting and easing virtually every area of endeavor of man and the organized activities of his Society computers that are critical and indispensable multiply vital systems abound and increase such systems must of course embody the highest degree of reliability typically they must also be versatile and they must be strong in their Communications capabilities all are areas in which zerox computer systems possess unique strengths in finance in education in science in business in government ranging all the way to the more than 100 Xerox computers which help put Americans on the moon Xerox is proud to play an ever expanding role in providing vital [Music] systems for