THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
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Year Published: 1980s
Description: Love our channel? Help us save and post more orphaned films! Support us on Patreon: / periscopefilm Even a really tiny contribution can make a difference. Subscribe and consider becoming a channel member • Help us preserve more films -- become... This film from Rockwell International, "Solar Energy Storage", examines an experimental solar power station called "Solar One". This was a pilot solar-thermal project built in the Mojave Desert just east of Barstow, California. It was the first test of a large-scale thermal solar power tower plant. Solar One was designed by the Department of Energy (DOE). Solar One's method of collecting energy was based on concentrating the sun's energy onto a common focal point to produce heat to run a steam turbine generator. It had hundreds of large mirror assemblies, or heliostats, that track the sun, reflecting the solar energy onto a 328 ft (100 m) tall tower where a black receiver absorbed the heat. High-temperature heat transfer fluid was used to carry the energy to a boiler on the ground where the steam was used to spin a series of turbines, much like a traditional power plant. Although designed to produced 10 megawatts of electricity, the project fell short, producing 7 MW during its operation from 1982-86. It was later expanded into "Solar Two", which was decommissioned in 1999 and subsequently demolished. The film opens in the deserts of Southern California near Barstow with Solar One's thermal tower rising over the ground, encircled with solar panels (:53). The narrator, Jerry Friefeld steps on camera (1:19). Friefeld serves as the program manager. The solar industry was seeking to build solar power plants on a commercial scale by 1990. Rocketdyne and McDonnell Douglas were to be the first to design and create the nations first productions plant to be known as Solar 1 (1:39). An aerial shot of the span of Solar 1 follows (1:44). They sought to discover a way to solve the issue of storing energy to be used when sunlight was unavailable (1:44). The solar panels are shown to tilt up and back (2:09). The title screen appears briefly afterwards (2:14). Portions of the tower including the external cylindrical receiver of boiler tubes had been designed by Rocketdyne (2:35). This tower is surrounded by a field of collectors (2:44). The turbine generator is noted (2:57). Rocketdyne employees are seen hard at work (3:14). A tractor works to gather gravel which, along with other materials help to reduce the cost of thermal storage (3:57). Hydrocarbons and molten alkaline metals are among some of the suitable commercial heat transfer fluids (4:31). A breakdown of how Solar 1 works follows beginning with the heliostat (5:29). The sun is reflected to a receiver which absorbs the solar energy and turns high pressure water into steam (5:30). An aerial shot of the steal tower is shown (6:10). Steam is transferred to the turbine generator (6:12). The expanse of the system including where the steam is sent to for later storage follows (6:23). After the steam is cooled and condensed back into water (7:27), it is sent back to the tower where it will again become steam to be used for more power. A commercial cooling system (7:38) is shown just prior to the narrator returning on screen (8:11). Aerial footage of the plant closes out the film (8:24). The film was presented by Rockwell International Rocketdyne Division (8:49).
Complete Record: Love our channel? Help us save and post more orphaned films! Support us on Patreon: / periscopefilm Even a really tiny contribution can make a difference. Subscribe and consider becoming a channel member • Help us preserve more films -- become... This film from Rockwell International, "Solar Energy Storage", examines an experimental solar power station called "Solar One". This was a pilot solar-thermal project built in the Mojave Desert just east of Barstow, California. It was the first test of a large-scale thermal solar power tower plant. Solar One was designed by the Department of Energy (DOE). Solar One's method of collecting energy was based on concentrating the sun's energy onto a common focal point to produce heat to run a steam turbine generator. It had hundreds of large mirror assemblies, or heliostats, that track the sun, reflecting the solar energy onto a 328 ft (100 m) tall tower where a black receiver absorbed the heat. High-temperature heat transfer fluid was used to carry the energy to a boiler on the ground where the steam was used to spin a series of turbines, much like a traditional power plant. Although designed to produced 10 megawatts of electricity, the project fell short, producing 7 MW during its operation from 1982-86. It was later expanded into "Solar Two", which was decommissioned in 1999 and subsequently demolished. The film opens in the deserts of Southern California near Barstow with Solar One's thermal tower rising over the ground, encircled with solar panels (:53). The narrator, Jerry Friefeld steps on camera (1:19). Friefeld serves as the program manager. The solar industry was seeking to build solar power plants on a commercial scale by 1990. Rocketdyne and McDonnell Douglas were to be the first to design and create the nations first productions plant to be known as Solar 1 (1:39). An aerial shot of the span of Solar 1 follows (1:44). They sought to discover a way to solve the issue of storing energy to be used when sunlight was unavailable (1:44). The solar panels are shown to tilt up and back (2:09). The title screen appears briefly afterwards (2:14). Portions of the tower including the external cylindrical receiver of boiler tubes had been designed by Rocketdyne (2:35). This tower is surrounded by a field of collectors (2:44). The turbine generator is noted (2:57). Rocketdyne employees are seen hard at work (3:14). A tractor works to gather gravel which, along with other materials help to reduce the cost of thermal storage (3:57). Hydrocarbons and molten alkaline metals are among some of the suitable commercial heat transfer fluids (4:31). A breakdown of how Solar 1 works follows beginning with the heliostat (5:29). The sun is reflected to a receiver which absorbs the solar energy and turns high pressure water into steam (5:30). An aerial shot of the steal tower is shown (6:10). Steam is transferred to the turbine generator (6:12). The expanse of the system including where the steam is sent to for later storage follows (6:23). After the steam is cooled and condensed back into water (7:27), it is sent back to the tower where it will again become steam to be used for more power. A commercial cooling system (7:38) is shown just prior to the narrator returning on screen (8:11). Aerial footage of the plant closes out the film (8:24). The film was presented by Rockwell International Rocketdyne Division (8:49).
Transcription
[Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] research and development supporting the conceptual design phase of solar electric power generation has indicated that solar electric plants can be built on a commercial scale by 1990 at a cost which should make them attractive to the electric utilities department of energy has chosen a conceptual design developed by rocketdyne and mcdonnell douglas for the nation's first experimental solar power plant solar one solar one is a 10 megawatt generating plant located in the southern california desert near barstow one of the major issues involved in the design of a solar power plant is that of storing sufficient energy to allow for operation during periods when no sun is available [Music] the purpose of solar 1 is to provide technical verification of the projected commercial system and an early indication of central receiver economics one key element of the design is rocketdyne's external cylindrical receiver of boiler tubes single pass to super heat that is mounted on a central tower surrounded by a field of collectors which focus solar rays on the heat absorbing receiver walls steam produced in the receiver passes down the tower and drives a centrally located turbine generator on the ground essential to efficient solar thermal power plant operation is thermal storage which allows the system to continue generating electricity during periods of inclement weather and or darkness the concept developed by rocketdyne and chosen by doe for the experimental plant uses a high temperature heat transfer fluid flowing through a specially designed tank of rock and sand to deposit and withdraw solar heat this low pressure dual medium thermal storage system which was jointly patented by rocket nine and mcdonnell douglas has demonstrated outstanding large-scale operation at minimum cost it was primarily developed to retain for later use surplus or waste heat produced by various boiler devices the central feature of these systems is the use of rock and gravel or other low-cost solids that dramatically reduce the cost of energy storage the use of the rocketdyne thermal storage concept allowed the integration of a constant load turbine with a variable output solar receiver using standard process control techniques laboratory and full-scale tests on this system have established high energy recovery wide flow range capability and long-term material compatibility suitable commercial heat transfer fluids are available for a wide range of applications with storage temperatures up to one thousand degrees fahrenheit at atmospheric pressure heat transfer fluids dealt with include hydrocarbons molten salts and molten alkali metals rocketdyne's experience includes proven system integration of new concepts together with design construction and operation at minimum cost the thermal storage concept was chosen by the department of energy to extend into periods of darkness the electrical generating capacity of the nation's first solar power plant thermal storage systems can be tailored to fulfill energy storage needs for many applications such as waste heat utilization and load leveling let's examine this example of a thermal management system in more detail in solar one sunlight strikes the heliostat a sun tracking mirror there are 1818 heliostats in this field the sun is reflected to the elevated receiver boiler that absorbs the solar energy and converts high pressure water into steam the receiver boiler is a once through configuration with rated steam conditions of 960 degrees fahrenheit and 1515 pounds per square inch the boiler is 23 feet in diameter and 45 feet tall it is constructed of one half inch diameter nickel alloy steel tubes the tower itself is steel the steam is then directed to a conventional turbine generator where electrical power is produced during periods when excess steam is available or under conditions of cloud passage the steam is directed to a system for storage and extracted later conceptually in its simplest form the system uses a bed of an inexpensive solid an appropriate high temperature liquid fills the voids in the bed and circulates through the bed to deposit or withdraw energy in operation charging of the bed is achieved by removing lower temperature fluid from the bottom of the bed heating it in a heat exchanger with steam from the receiver and returning the fluid to the top of the tank a fairly sharp temperature transition a thermocline is maintained naturally between hot and cold fluid because of the lower density of the hot fluid this thermocline moves downward through the bed during charging and upward during extraction the extraction loop utilizes the fluid to remove energy from the storage unit and produces steam for power plant operation after use the steam is cooled and condensed back to water so that it can be pumped back up to the tower to be reheated to steam and put to work again a conventional cooling system consisting of a wet cooling tower piping and condenser will be used to cool the exhaust steam solar thermal conversion benefits from using conventional power plant technology and materials and therefore offers immediate promise for the utility industry the efficient storage of thermal energy which is an integral feature of the solar one system can be used in a myriad of applications rocketdyne solution to the solar one energy storage issue is but one example of the means available to solve thermal management problems for industry and the utilities through 30 years of heat transfer research and development rocketdyne has demonstrated the ability to synthesize innovative products and techniques which are produced using conventional technology and can be applied to many critical problems you
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