THE CRIMINAL MAN

dooty horse and snow cause criminal behavior or narcotics related to criminality here are answers to these and similar questions [Music] the criminal man the series of television studies of how and why people commit crimes and of what to do about it your guide for these studies of the criminal man is dr. Douglas M Kelly professor of criminology at the University of California in this night session of our series dr. Kelly will consider the relationship of narcotics to criminal behavior he calls the study t horse and crime this is a vestment of a plant notice its delicate texture structure of its leaves and if this were color television you could see the lovely green color it's flower is a little odd it's just a sort of cluster of yellow-green seeds it's a hardy plant would make a real good ha splat except that it's against the law a great many people relate this plant to criminal behavior and degeneracy this is marijuana from which reefer cigarettes are made and a great many people relate these other items to degeneracy and crime this an opium pipe with these syringes various kinds of drugs morphine heroin Demerol and cocaine can be injected and these are barbiturate capsules known to users as goofballs many people feel that these and other drugs do have a direct relationship to a cry and as they're steeped in folklore and myth very often put out by any types of propaganda in the press and other areas people rally round and feel that these do have a direct relationship to cry in this series we're concerned with the problems of folklore and myth as opposed to truth and understanding of the causes of the criminal mind and our query today is what is the relation of narcotics do they play a role in the man's criminal behavior let's find out in order to find out first we have to understand a little bit about what our narcotics narcotics is a word which has been used so much so long that it's almost meaningless another synonym for the so called narcotics are drugs which really mean any kind of medicine the word narcotic goes back in history to an ancient word meaning to make numb or be numb to put to sleep and this was the original meaning but now if we take for example the last California report on narcotic addiction we find two groups listed the stimulants that is tobacco tea and coffee and cocaine and the true narcotized or sedative drugs like alcohol of barbiturates and the opiates and so in this discussion will consider narcotics in the popular term that is all the drugs considered to be problem children in relation to cry another factor that's important to understand is the problem of habituation and addiction here are two other words but don't seem to mean much and by habituation we mean a drug that forms a habit like tobacco you don't have a who like to smoke and when you stop well and you don't feel good because of the habit the other type is a true addicting type of drug that is the barbiturates and the opiate derivatives and these give you first of all tolerance that is you need more and more of the drug and then as you take it tissue dependency that is physiologically you require the drug and if you don't get it you develop withdrawal symptoms which make you suffer may make you collapse and might even cause in rare cases your death finally there is a psychological an individual who has been habituated or has become truly physiologically addicted when taken off then for some goes back and still wants to go back on the drug he's a psychological addict in order to consider these drugs then let's start with the stimulants and here the best known are the caffeine group tea and coffee and the nicotine group tobacco in its various forms these are not addicting but rather habituating drugs although if you're taking nuts off you let us say to get a very high grandage you might get pretty excited that you probably couldn't make it the next stimulant drug is the Benzedrine group and these of course are amphetamine in their basic structure and the two classics are dexedrine and Benzedrine in this cabinet we have samples of all the different kinds of drugs but EXA dreams come in capsules or ampules and the benz of dreams and most of the others come in a form of tablets or pills these are the way that prescribed medically and prescribed medically they are considerable use in stimulating individuals who are somewhat depressed lethargic in blocking appetite and obese persons and whatnot an individual who wants to get the drug you listen to used to be able to buy an inhaler and then he would simply pull the end up and take out the inside which was a wad of cotton or paper and chew it off or else put it in a cup of water and then drink the water the reason people do this is they get high or as they say all hopped up what really means they're overstimulated they feel better they have less fatigue and they feel they can do more there's really no precise relation between feeling high and crime unless in addition you self suggests hypnotize yourself under the idea that this also makes you feel criminal there is no specific direct relationship the next stimulant drug however does have a direct one and this is cocaine cocaine has been known for many years coming originally out of the Peruvian Andes and if we look in some of the early reports we find pick of skulls which have holes in them and this was the technique of trepanation or boring a hole in the skull at the Peruvian Indians used to use probably to let out the evil spirits treat fractures clear headaches and whatnot if we look at this simulated picture of an individual portraying the ancient technique we see the Indian holding down the hapless victim and drilling a hole in his head with a stone night in those days they didn't have regular knives so they used stone knives and simply held him down and chipped the hole in his head which I imagine must have been pretty painful but they did discover that they could chew coca leaves now they did chew coca leaves before and this gives that gave them a feeling of being able to get around better and somebody I guess dribbled on one of these early operations and discovered the individual no longer hurt and so cocaine was introduced to the world as an anesthetic agent it's a topical or local anesthetic and there are many much more useful ones readily available which also do not give you the stimulation and the stimulation has a direct relationship to crime because the coca knives individual is hopped up he's the hop head that people talk about when they write detective stories or television shows this individual can become a criminal because of the excitement the stimulation engendered by the coca nything drug these individuals if they take the drug long enough also deteriorate organically that is you get changes in the brain and you may develop hallucinations and delusions the Communist hallucination is the so called cocaine bug which is the feeling of little bugs crawling along underneath your skin and these individuals frequently can be seen pulling it the bugs or Scratchy sometimes addicts will take a mixture of an opiate derivative which makes him feel pretty good and a cocaine shot and he has what they call a laugh and scratch session that is these laughing as a result of the opium and scratching as a result the cocaine this then is a truly dangerous drug of no important use nowadays in medicine supplanted by good substitutes a dangerous drug because it does stimulate and can drive the individual any spilling of he can do anything into the commission of a crime if we now turn to the other side of the ledger we approach the problem of the depressants these are drugs that anesthetize or cut down your activity and of course the classic one is alcohol we discussed alcohol in a previous program and we found that alcohol does have some relation to crime first an individual who takes alcohol may uncork hidden and hitherto inhibited drives of a criminal nature the controls are cut secondly an individual drinks to get false courage he's tense he jittery jumpy before a crime and so he takes a few snorts and that's the tightest in himself thinks he feels better and third of course a lot of people inadvertently commit crime as a result of intoxication because they're stupefied the great group of traffic accidents fall into this category the next type of depressant which is fairly similar are the barbiturate Group these are again of considerable use in medicine and the barbiturates come either in injectable types for example pentathol and sodium amytal which are anesthetics but more often they come in little capsule forms and these are very valuable in medicine in providing sedation and an ability to sleep at night however they can be perverted in an abuse and here the individual takes overdoses at this point he acts for all the world like a chronically intoxicated person and you know how some intoxicated person just go to sleep and others get excited the same thing happens with the barbiturates basically any drives he may have may be released he may get into difficulty because of his lack of controls or he may get into difficulty by causing a crime because of his stupor s behavior another problem with these is the problem of suicide it's easy to take too many and it's a common vehicle for suicide or sometimes accidental suicide where an individual will take a tablet or so or a capsule as prescribed and then go to sleep wake up confused stuporous and pour out a whole handful on the mistaken belief he hasn't had any before thereby taking a lethal dose with accidental suicidal results these drugs then should be carefully restricted used properly they are considerable important value in medicine especially in the specialty of psychiatry used indiscriminately scattered about it random taken by persons for experiment or for intoxication they represent a problem finally they also can be addicting physiologically that is if you take them over a period of time you get it tissue craving and when suddenly withdrawn may get can fault convulsions and other symptoms for these reasons they are only a value in medicine and should be carefully restricted there to of course the drug which comes in falling most conversation are the opiate derivative drugs and when we think of opium itself we think of the Orient and when we think of the Oriental use of opium we turn of course to the opium smoker with the opium pipe this is typical opium pipe of the air-cooled variety with a large bore it's essential to [ __ ] air because otherwise the heat will burn you if you don't use an air-cooled variety you can use the water pipe where the opium smoke is sucked through water and thereby again qu the technique requires a lot of apparatus you get your opium from a canister it then has to be heated over a lamp addicts like special kinds of equipment use this type of a lamp and when it gets hot and begins to run it's then tucked down into the top of the pipe and the attic then settles back to enter the land of dreams in relation to crime there's no real criminal action here and the individual simply settles back those sound asleep and dreams fanciful dreams of course his dreams if real might be considered criminal but today so far as I know there are no laws in anybody's land against simply dreaming the relationship between opium and crime came I think primarily during the period of exclusion of the Chinese from the west coast of the United States up until when they were fairly well accepted and then during the exclusionary excitment they were called in order to rationalize their treatment degenerates criminals and whatnot and since the obvious difference between the Chinese and the non Chinese Californians was there smoking frequently of opium it was given the blame the cause for degeneracy it was - it were ascribed all of the criminal patterns which people blamed on the Chinese and this is hung over and ever since then opium smoking has been considered as sort of a degenerate to practice other types of opiate derivative are purified the Communists in medicine of course are morphine which come in little tablets and heroin which comes in a white powder heroin is a little different from morphine in that it's more rapidly addicting and so we find that it has been completely bland for medicine and morphine has largely been replaced by a number of various synthetic substitutes which are not as addictive one of the main problems with all these drugs the injectable ones and the kind you smoke is the problem of withdrawal as an individual takes the drug for a bet his tissue becomes addicted physiologically and then he said to be hooked the sensual then has to be withdrawn or taken off or else he suffers excruciating symptoms we were fortunate enough to secure a picture of an actual addict who was undergoing withdrawal symptoms I think the picture speaks for itself [Music] [Music] this picture was a actual photograph of an addict and as you can see the suffering is tremendous this particular addict you'll be happy to know was taken off satisfactorily but unlike my mean like most addicts unfortunately he went back on right at this very moment is a wanted man being hunted throughout the United States by law enforcement agencies for a series of crimes he committed in order to more drugs it does demonstrate however the difficulty an addict would have in coming off the drug unless you weren't locked up and under treatment and this does expose one of the folklore beliefs the notion that a person can quit when he wants to he just takes drugs because he likes them actually when he takes drugs they don't make him feel much better he doesn't get much from them but he has to keep taking the opiate drugs because if he doesn't then he hurts and so there is an addict stay on drugs is not because they like to drug but because it's more pleasant to take the drugs rather than just hurt another a folklore belief is the notion that the average addict is a sort of one beat-up-looking person if we take a standard textbook of pharmacology and turn to the chapter on morphine we find in this very recent edition the popular conception of the morphine addict as a cunning cringing malicious and degenerate crumble criminal who is shabbily dressed physically ill and devoid of social amenities could not be further from the truth when the addict is properly dressed and fed and receives his daily drug requirement it cannot be easily distinguished from any body else and this I think is an important point the fact the addict is tremulous and sin isn't because of the drug it's because he doesn't get enough to eat and the classic demonstration of this point occurred in America before the narcotic acts were passed about about the middle of the last century at that time most medicine was to a large degree made up of opiate derivatives in this chest which I inherited from my great-grandfather we find a little book which describes some 35 different standard elements and to each ailment it recommends a type of treatment bonding a little bottle by number if you study these little bottles you'll find that about one quarter of all the medicines they took or opiates or opiate derivatives and we'd guessed that in those days many hundreds of thousands of persons were addicted in the United States and they didn't even know it and nobody else did and these people may well have been some of your great-grandparents and mine you can't tell then an addict by looking but you can tell if we can't afford enough to eat and the cost is tremendous in a recent release here of the local police department we find that a small capsule of heroin will cost five dollars a large capsule ten dollars a bindle that's a half of a spoon twenty dollars and a spoon about forty dollars an ounce 300 to 600 dollars and so a habit may well cost an individual anywhere from 40 to 75 dollars a day the average person can't afford it so he gives up food and looks cadaverous and then he has to turn to quick cash crime and these make up the bank robbers the armed robbers the car clouters the purse snatchers and in women the prostitutes and this is again a direct relationship of drugs to crime not to drug but actually the cost of the drug causes the individual in order to support his increasing habit to turn to criminal behavior this then is one of the major problems of drug addiction from a criminal viewpoint a second even more important problem is the fact that an individual who is taking drugs can't tell when he's going to become a psychologic addict everybody who takes them gets habituated in terms of physiological addiction but he can be taken off but nobody really ever knows when he is the one who will become a psychologic addict and then he'll have to take drugs all the rest of his life while always taking off he will go back to taking the drug let me give you an idea of what I mean if I were to take this revolver and open it up and put it in just one shell shut it spin the cylinder and put the gun to my head pull the trigger you'd think I was nuts and yet this is precisely what the Attic to chippies around or experiments does this is what the individual does who tries the drug just for fun this individual then may get hooked he has no way of knowing at this point whether or not he'll be the one to stay on the drug an individual and who tries the drug just for fun or experiments with it acts exactly like a person who loads the gun puts a bullet in puts it up to his head very carefully hopes for the best and pulls the trigger this individual is a fool this individual may become an addict and this is why no intelligent human being should chivvy about experiment or play with these dangerous drugs in any way or form the other facet of crime in relation to drug addiction is in the peddler don't forget in view of these prices that a producer makes a lot of money actually these drugs cost pharmaceutical houses 20 an ounce a figure it costs about 50 cents to make an ounce you can get $75 on the black market the importer may make about 500 or more an ounce profit and the dealer will make 3,000 to 4,000 dollars an ounce profit these men are criminals these men are criminals in our definition because they control a block the natural function of a fellow human being and so the international dealer the purveyor the peddler who doesn't use the seller these are the true criminals in the narcotic field I suppose in conclusion we ought to discuss one other drug which is highly popularized and this is the problem of marijuana this drug marijuana has also been known for many many years in ancient Persia it was called hashish people who used it were called hashish ins and some folks tell us this is the origin of the word assassin from hashish ins who used hashish the drug can be eaten in any way made tea or anything else but ordinarily it's smoked in the form of cigarettes or reefers its effects are pretty much like those of alcohol the individual who takes this an ordinary doses feels a little better about life things seem a little happier noises are a little louder and he sits and rests and listens to music it doesn't have any sexual stimulant effect as a matter of fact it reduces sexual drive if he takes too much he begins to get illusions of vision he can't measure distance things look bigger or littler than normal and if he takes enough he gets hallucinations which are in color the individual then goes to sleep and wakes up with a terrible hangover there's nothing specifically criminal in this pattern and as a matter of fact if again we study the experts reports we find there is no relation whatsoever between the use of marijuana and direct crime marijuana essentially causes you retire to sit back to listen to music to enjoy yourself and not to get out and cause criminal action of course like alcohol it may loosen up a repressed Drive uncork a basic criminal attitude and this could I suppose in a secondhand way cause crime and like alcohol the intoxication may cause you to stupidly commit a crime because of your narcotic state it's real hazard is that to buy these cigarettes you've got to trade with a peddler who may then seduce you into trying heroin perhaps hooking you for the rest of your life and so for this reason it is a dangerous drug but otherwise it has no particular direct relationship in our Studies on narcotics then we've considered the fact that narcotics and alcohol are related to crime in certain ways in the first case we find that the individual taking narcotics or alcohol of course is a narcotic may uncap a basic criminal drive and it may loosen his controls so he commits a crime next he may commit a crime fundamentally not because of his controls but because of his days is anesthetized condition third because of the high cost of drugs people get into criminal behavior and fourth the stimulant drugs like cocaine directly lead to crime fifth we have the individuals the true narcotic criminals who are the sellers the transporters the purveyors of a drug which controls the destiny of man the treatment of course of these groups is to return it to the medical field a doctor should be a person to handle sick individuals alcoholics addicts and users are sick persons you may say well a doctor might cheat but he probably won't cause any more difficulty in this field than in any of the other tremendous number of dangerous drugs he uses in our search for crime then we found alcohol and narcotics do have some relationship we will continue in this series to continue to look for the true cause of the criminal man [Music] the criminal man series of television studies of the nature and patterns of criminal behavior your guide for these studies the criminal man is dr. Douglas M Kelly physician psychiatrist police consultant and professor of criminology at the University of California film segment provided by Golden Gate films and Fred brown Muller of the California State Bureau of narcotic enforcement [Music] this is national Educational Television