SIMPLE EFFECTS FOR CINEMA

[Music] ladies and gentlemen we bring you a live transmission of The Sensational 24-hour Race Grand Prix the excitement reaches its peak during these final moments 20 hours have elapsed since the start only four of the 11 original participants could withstand the tough race James number 15 is leading now closely followed by svenny number seven the great favorite James in the yellow Lotus has kept the lead these last three hours let's hope ladies and gentlemen that the cameraman give us a view of the whole [Music] Circuit look a total view of the circuit a very original construction youve seen how filmmakers can simulate reality of course professionals use more sophistic ated equipment but for us it was thrilling camera play and what do you think about our Dolly our wheeled truck for the camera it enables us to make exceptional traveling a length of strong wallpaper is fixed in a loop a road surface has been painted on the wallpaper under the paper Loop a sheet of plastic TL powder on the plastic makes the paper Loop shift easier if you wet your hands you will have a better grasp on the road surface each racing car is attached to two invisible nylon threads fixed to the front of the car with adhesive tape the threads are tied to Nails on both sides [Music] filming speed is decreased below the Standard 24 frames per second this modification allows accelerated screen [Music] action one can film an event from an infinite variety of viewpoints the chice of the Viewpoint and camera angle determines what the audience will see on the screen this combination will give relatively speaking a long shot four racing cars on the screen we change the camera viewpoint instead of four cars the cameraman focuses only on two racing cars that's what we call a medium long shot closer to the event instead of two cars only one car is in picture this is a medium [Music] shot moving still closer with the camera instead of a complete car only a part of it is screened we call this image size a medium [Music] closeup and now we move really close to the car instead of a medium closeup we have a closeup filming is not merely taking good shots there is also the very important process of assembling component shots of a film into their final order and then cutting the shots to their final length this process we call editing [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] due to audiovisual Media we live very close to 20th century actuality who didn't watch the first moonwalk via satellite transmission film brings us face to face with the most thrilling aerobatics but by transgressing the limits of the screen we really are in the fictional world of the filmmaker catching isn't it what about flying with us well just Fen a clip to the end of a two-pole wire then clench a wing tip of the plane into [Music] it the wire itself is fixed to the camera with adhesive tape have your C macro lens and you can get a closer view of the [Applause] [Music] object the plane can be viewed in many different ways filming gives you the opportunity to play a complex game combining stage settings space movement and time the possibilities are countless the result will be a new illusionary film world for The [Music] Spectator why don't you you try go ahead film cameras are made to be used with astonishing results even by untrained people in times when part of our Leisure Time activities are taken up by audiovisual culture it could be a very good idea to have a go at filming and to be sure it's an enriching hobby what is more this hobby will initiate you into the language of filming filming techniques can be learned by anyone who knows one day you may become a big name in The Seventh [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] Art a [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] exploration of space man's most ancient dream becomes reality in the 20th century spacecraft travel millions of light years away and send on pictures of unknown Cosmic matter gigantic masses move around through space a mysterious [Music] [Music] belly while scientists are trying to conquer space cunning filmmakers create the most fantastic space views for integrating into futuristic films on the turntable of an old record player we fix a polystyrene disc crumpled isolating packing material simulates Cosmic matter our meteorites can be colored according to our fantasy the space dust of an exploded planet is launched into space and keeps turning around for ages and ages oh the speed of the moving masses throughout space can be arranged by cinematographic technique of course we do need a camera with variable filming speed the relation between filming and projection speed can be as follows filming and projecting speed are the same the filming speed can be slowed down the filming speed can be speeded up let us make this clearer the standard speed of both filming and projecting is 24 frames per second in this case both are equal we see that the camera and the projector can get through the same amount of film within the same lapse of time we see on the screen socalled normal movement the filming speed was based on the rate of 12 frames per second but the projection speed is 24 frames per second now less film is going through the camera than through the projector within the same lapse of time when filmed at the speed of 12 frames per second but projected at 24 frames per second the rail movement is speeded up during projection easy to understand that the speed will be doubled artificially now we filming at 48 frames per second while the projector speed is kept at 24 frames per second in the same lapse of time more film winds through the camera than through the projector a movement shot at the speed of 48 frames per second but projected at 24 frames per second gives a slow down effect on the screen [Music] to obtain reverse action we switch the projector so that the film runs backwards the same effect is obtained by editing a length of film in [Music] Reverse fascinating occurrences of space and human fantasy to ingredients of a Mysterious [Music] Universe e is [Music] well hadn't you figured it yet of course the universe is full of fascinating mysteries in addition to that imaginative filmmakers shower us with all sorts of things on the screen The Spectator can only guess whether it is the rendering of reality or ingenious work of imagination let it be whatever it is man has always been captivated by The Mysteries of the universe what is reality what is fantasy a mystery don't you feel like joining us in this game take a 75 W lamp an opal bulb such as photographers use in their enlarging apparatus will do the best job screw the bulb into the lamp socket fixed to a plank this is how you get a sunspot next spread some glue on the bulb now switch the light on and off a few times 10-second periods will do the glue will cook [Music] that's real lava [Music] structure keep everything drying for 12 hours if you then paint the bulb with transparent red glass paint your lamp will turn into a real Sunburst bear in mind that a good film must give The Spectator the impression that it is real all the [Music] way with a soft brush apply several layers of paint but take care and let each layer dry before applying the next one [Music] now you add a little lava remember if you want to get a closer view of an object have your camera macro lensed [Music] [Music] [Applause] no [Applause] [Applause] [Applause] the magic medium used here is a plastic tube with holes drilled into it while two movie lights of 1,000 watts each provide the star flashes [Applause] an important factor while filming is the correct exposure of the film The relatively correct exposure of the film can be determined with an electric exposure meter it is very interesting to take a number of shots at different diaph frame stops each exposure will give a different but acceptable picture the pictures you are watching now were taken with a difference of one diaph frame stop w an important factor in constructing a picture is also the choice of the angle of lens rudiment there are three angles of lens categories look out of the whole surroundings a standed lens brings only the house in image without changing the camera setup a wideangle lens brings all the surroundings into picture with a Telly lens we focus on the details it's clear that the choice of the angle of lens will have an important influence on the pictorial interpretation of our magic tunnel this picture was shot with a wide-angle lens a standard lens and a teley lens with a camera you can shoot reality but cinematographical Machinery also can be used for an absolute cinematographical creation the screened pictures no longer call the attention to familiar things of our Real Environment they render the real F of fantasy a magic space exploration a fancy play with movement Rhythm and time the magic of moving pictures a magic play with form and color a visual imagination that's cinematography for