REPORT FROM CHIN

it would take about two hours to go from Tokyo to Peking by non-stop jet if one could fly there directly as Japan and China have no formal relations however we had to fly tongue first and we entered China from there we then went north from Canton through the vast expanse of China to pay King the journey from Tokyo to Peking taking in actuality two full days [Music] [Applause] [Music] at the time we arrived in Peking the Japanese newspapers were filled with sensational accounts of the great proletarian Cultural Revolution there were even many reports that all of China was in a state of turmoil and confusion a king however was calm and full of life [Music] a memorial to the heroes who fell in the liberation struggle [Music] from all over China multitudes of Red Guards have gathered in the capital in front of street photographers taking souvenir photographs Red Guards form long lines waiting their turn [Music] there was also a group of red guards reading quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong the railroad was exactly on time the regular Express train takes seven hours to go from Beijing to Shanghai Guang where it stops for ten minutes people enjoy the sight of the Great Wall from the bridge of the station the Great Wall which runs in an east-west direction in the mountain regions of northern China was built in ancient times to guard against invasion by the northern tribes Shanghai Guang which is located at the eastern end of the Great Wall where the mountains meet the sea now as in the past is the key point through which the traffic flows connecting the Northeast with the center of China [Music] [Music] three hot water service [Music] in August 1966 we entered the Northeast known abroad as Manchuria the name the Chinese no longer used as it is a reminder of the 1930s when Japan installing a puppet regime to affect its colonial rule attempted to establish it as an independent country separate from the rest of China at present it is one of the main industrial areas of the People's Republic of China [Music] [Applause] the singari River which runs through the city of heart being had been subject to frequent major floods before the liberation taking many lives and destroying much property [Music] [Applause] in 1957 500,000 people worked for three months and built an embankment 120 miles long it was the first major construction project undertaken by the people of heartbeat after the foundation of the People's Republic of China being the former villa of a White Russian has been converted into a sanatorium for workers [Music] heart beam is a city in which many old buildings are preserved a scene of the great proletarian Cultural Revolution encountered in her theme people reading wall newspapers anyone can write down his opinion and paste it on the wall the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party appeals to the people the appeal says the great quality rien Cultural Revolution is a great revolution that touches people to their very souls and constitutes a new stage in the development of the socialist revolution in our country a deeper and more extensive stage although the bourgeoisie has been overthrown it is still trying to use the old ideas culture customs and habits of the exploiting classes to corrupt the masses capture their minds and endeavor to stage a comeback the proletariat must do just the opposite it must meet head-on every challenge of the bourgeoisie in the ideological field and use the new ideas culture customs and habits of the proletariat to change the mental outlook of the whole society [Music] this demonstration of workers and young people is meant to welcome this appeal [Music] [Music] [Applause] it was at the beginning of this summer that the news of Chairman Mao swimming across the Yangtze River was reported some years earlier Chairman Mao had said people say that the USA is a very big river actually there is nothing to be afraid of about its size isn't the United States imperialism very big it turned out to be nothing when we rebuffed at once so there are actually some big things in the world that are not to be feared [Music] a day in mid-august 4:00 a.m. the grain producing region of Heilongjiang Province the Shing Phu people's commune of Swan Chong County [Laughter] at dawn the people of the commune to the fields the land is held in khammam the work is done together we came to China with one central question in mind this is a land which has been devastated by a hundred years of colonial rule and successive Wars ruled by foreigners and big landlords the peasants have been deprived of all cultural benefits with this heritage from the past what method is the new regime using in its attempt to make the country prosper what suggestions might the new nations of Asia and Africa confronted by the same problems derived from the Chinese method [Music] the Communists raishin buildings a people's commune is a political organization which encompasses the functions of local government and administration such as a town or village and at the same time is an economic organization which carries out production activities land reform and social reform transformed the structure of the peasant village the production teams formed on the basis of the residents of each natural village carry out most of the productive work collectively each rural communes including on the average close to 10,000 people is made up of numerous adjoining villages or production teams [Music] to make fertilizer night soil and earth are mixed together a chemical fertilizer factory under construction in a peasant village which is a suburb of cheong 20 Dean Provence all of the machinery was made in China when both units are finished it will be capable of producing 12,000 tons of ammonium carbohydrate annually in a short while the capacity will be increased to 60,000 tonnes annually sufficient to meet the requirements of the for adjacent communes while interviewing mr. Jha the factory head we became aware that this Factory is very different from the usual image of a chemical fertilizer factory we are familiar with chemical fertilizer factories which have been built on a much larger scale but those have been built in big industrial cities not in peasant villages down mr. Jones the factory speaks the families of the workers also take part in the farming activities of the common production chain I myself will continue to live in the office how enjoy is finished boom baye nation they do the lowest rejection chiana funny woman digger you sound into Havana yahuwah wanted a I'm sure the jungle even in the evenings I study chairman mao's works review the day's Affairs and prepare for the next day our objective is for each county to have a small chemical fertilizer factory the southerners have by and large already achieved this target but here in the Northeast we are now in the midst of construction if we are successful food grain production in the Northeast should increase greatly the third five-year plan shinyang the biggest industrial city in the Northeast population 3 million 300,000 China's economic development is built on the concept that agriculture is the basis an industry the leading factor this differs not only from the advanced industrial countries of Europe and America and from Japan but from the Soviet Union as well a factory district with the slogan long lived the Chinese Communist Party the state-owned shinyang heavy machinery factory with 8,000 600 employees here china is turning out one unit after another of mining equipment hydroelectric power generating turbines rollers for rolling iron and steel and other heavy producer goods things which she once had to purchase abroad [Applause] mr. Jin head of the cutting tool testing division gives background information to a group of visiting Japanese leaders in 1961 owing to natural disasters our country encountered a number of temporary difficulties at that time the Soviet revisionist betrayed our agreements withdrew their specialists and cut off the supply of equipment and raw materials without heavy rollers a production at the iron mills have to be halted the workers were extremely indignant but there was no equipment with which to make the necessary 4 meter long coal ship rollers we thought over the situation in this way to make rolling machines is to fight against revision history it is to emphasize self-reliance in reconstruction if we rely only on the aid of foreign countries we can never leave satisfactory therefore everyone felt that to use our own hands and to make them by ourselves was important things that foreign countries have we too can make we can also make things that foreign countries don't have it chi'lan now teaches us the concrete method of doing so it is to rely on the masses to arouse the masses and to have confidence in the masses if there are many people there will be much wisdom to mr. Jin received only four years of elementary school education before the liberation today having developed hundreds of new cutting tools he is known throughout the country he thinks it is the workers responsibility to make a great effort in guiding young people and to train capable successors [Music] the state-owned shinyang number one engineering machinery factory the pride of the factory is that the workers by their own power built a mass production system to make standard lathes which are in great demand in order to mass-produce lathes it is necessary to grind the foundations efficiently the imported grinding machines such as this grind the many surfaces of the foundation one at a time but of course mass production cannot be carried out in this way the workers got the idea of making a grinding machine which could grind many surfaces simultaneously first they made a trial machine by hand even this improved efficiency a great deal then with the technicians cooperation they designed the refined grinding machine for mass production shown here [Music] many of those in the design division contributed to this innovation having graduated from college after the liberation mr. Chang the design division head is among these he was originally a laborer but after receiving a specialists education at Ching hua University in Peking he became the head of the design division of this factory speaking about design he says our technological achievement is the crystallization of the creativity and intelligence of the masses the key to whether or not we can design and manufacture fine products depends upon whether we rely upon the individual or upon the wisdom and power of the group this has been proved through the whole process of designing and manufacturing new products in our factory unless we follow the mask line in our designing we cannot do good work mr. Chang talks with a worker I don't in factories all over China the three-way alliance that is the alliance among workers technicians and cadres is very much emphasized all of the important decisions in the factories are discussed and decided upon by representatives from the three groups mr jin attends this three-way alliance conference as a representative of the technicians in every factory we could see workers participating in management and cadres taking part in physical labor a workers residential district population 163,000 within chengyang the homes have steam heat gas electricity water and sewer services morning a special bus for women workers bringing their children the construction of this workers district a separate town in itself was begun in 1953 as part of the first five-year plan one of the twelve kindergartens in the workers district most of the children I brought every Monday morning by their parents this kindergarten takes care of the children from Monday morning until late afternoon on Saturday there are many children from households in which both parents have jobs [Music] altogether there are about 300 children there are 20 kindergarten teachers and 11 nursery teachers taking care of them there are also another 20 people working at the kindergarten so that altogether there is one adult for every 6 children [Music] [Music] in the educational program class consciousness labor knowledge and physical education are stressed [Music] [Music] this is labor education the children are becoming accustomed to handling things which surround their own bodies [Music] [Music] the monthly charge is 13 1 or about $5 in United States currency it comes to about 10% of the monthly income of an average household in which both husband and wife are working [Applause] today's lunch consists of fried rice a scallion and egg dish and spinach soup after lunch the children take a nap [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] a to shift elementary school in the afternoon only the first graders attend at the school the number of first graders is equal to the number attending the 2nd through the 6th grades combined many children were born soon after the residential district was completed and they have just reached school age it is time to learn the national language practice in writing the characters with the correct stroke order the teaching material they are using now is the sentence who calls collecting horse manure dirty [Music] [Applause] in a corner of the residential district a housewives study group gathers to study quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong study meetings such as this are held twice a week by the self-government committee organized on each block the work undertaken by the committee's covers a wide range also including social education environmental hygiene and the study of current events in the plaza of the residential district vegetable dealers have piled the Chinese cabbages and they will be used to make pickles for the winter a typical workers home this is the wife of mr. Jin whom we met at the heavy machinery factory during the day mrs. Jin's husband will be home late today as usual as a model worker mr. Jin has received many certificates of Merit these he does not hang on his wall however preferring instead to display his favorite poem by Chairman Mao [Music]