Marxism-Theory That Split A World

gentlemen and Lady it was like a fire sing through freck angles who may have heard of me and you may heard of me m bin Mark alexandr Gunner first class of the cruiser Aurora my name's George Cooper I'm from Manchester Luis laretta Fighter for freedom [Music] a memorial to Carl Marx buried in Exile in London a more significant Memorial to the power of His ideas was the appearance only 17 years after his death of a new underground newspaper in Russia iscra the spark December 1900 editor Vladimir ilich ulanov known as Lenin policy Marxist motto out of the spark will come a conflagration [Applause] in the hands of lenon Marx's ideas did spark a conflagration and Marxism came to power in Russia in 1917 of that revolution spread [Applause] today little more than 50 years after that first conflagration in Russia onethird of the world is ruled under the banners of Marxism [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] it was the swiftest and most widespread growth of power the world has ever seen and all in the name of the doctrines of Carl Marx what is the power of these doctrines how did it [Applause] happen Carl Heinrich Marx was born in 1818 in Trier a small town in Germany son of a prosperous lawyer who had Great Hopes for his boy's success in that middle class [Music] Society young Marx attended University in Bon and Berlin getting into some student scrapes drunkenness and dueling as a student Marx naturally came under the influence of the fashionable ideas of the German philosopher Hegel who developed the concept of dialectics the synthesis of a new idea from the struggle of opposed old ideas a concept that was to greatly influence Marx yes you are talking of an historical figure I think you should speak also of the man Madam Jenny mark born baroness V vfin Carl and I were married after a seven-year courtship I was four years older than him you know with a great man a strange man did you know he once wrote poetry we are chained shattered empty frightened and the worlds drag us with them in their rounds howling their songs of death and we we are the Apes of a hold God he has these dark moments but he wrote poems of love too we have a difficult life hard and poor very poor but it is not without moments of Happiness while still a student marks abandoned in turn his studies of law poetry and academic philosophy he said the philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways the point is to change it at 24 Marx had found his goal what was this world that Marx was determined to change the Victorian period was a time of great new forces science was transforming man's understanding of his world it was also questioning his Origins and the Very roots of his faith industrialization with its machines was changing the way men worked and [Music] lived the new middle class the Bourgeois had destroyed the absolute power of the Kings their loyalty was no longer to their rulers but to their Nations and to industrial expansion in their clubs they said where there's muck there's brass dirt makes money it was a confident prosperous time but not for the workers for them the Industrial Revolution brought a life that often was more brutal poor and squalid than before there was fertile ground for revolutionary political theories among the cruy exploited [Music] [Applause] workers Dr Thomas Lee medical officer heal Manchester my investigations show that the average age of death of the middle and upper classes in Manchester is 38 the average age of death of the laboring class is 17 on the average then the middle and upper classes live more than twice as long as the laboring classes George Cooper Miland 15 Middle Lane I've just finished my shift a machine tender up at Mill Jenn's up there now and young all except Little Billy well he's only five we all jump to it when the whistle goes how long do the young ones work George well same as me 14 hours cut the work day to 12 hours you must be mad damn it man it's those last two hours I make my profit on and if I don't make a profit there won't be any jobs for them you can't tamper with the system and now I he they're laying them off next week the bleeders and the rents behind it's no use it was better for us all before them damn machines industrialization fascinated Marx he was one of the first to recognize the significance of the Machine age he studied the Industrial Revolution in England as a scientist would and developed a theory of history that was to change the world in the same way the Darwin's laws of evolution dictate man's biological development said Marx so scientific laws dictate man's historical development Marx's theory was as revolutionary and influential as Darwin's and essentially as simple individual man has been concerned mainly with his own livelihood said Marx he does not shape history nor is history determined by chance rather it is subject to laws the laws of Economics the realities of Economics have produced our philosophers and scientists our Geniuses our proudest accomplishments political leaders arise from the realities of Economics which color every aspect of our lives and our beliefs all the things in which man glories are born of Economics all our achievements all our history are dictated by the way man produces and divides wealth the basic law of history as the conflict between the exploiters and the exploited Marx called this the class struggle always the exploited finally overthrow their exploiters and a new Society is born but always a new class of exploiters develops who exact their tribute from those below them the long reign of the feudal aristocracy was opposed by the Bourgeois the new class which finally came to control the trading and Manufacturing towns which grew up in the Middle Ages the bourjois sparked the Industrial Revolution and the new capitalism which exploited the workers Marx also in turn believed that capitalism was essential for without capitalism industrialization would have been impossible but the confident Bourgeois will not retain their wealth they are doomed to be over Throne by whom by the new working class the proletariat why Marx's laws say that the capitalist can only pay his workers just enough to keep them alive these laws also say that the poverty of the proletariat must get worse and worse There Is No Escape from this cycle because of these and other inherent weaknesses capitalism will begin to fall apart when the historical process is complete but not not until then the class conscious proletariat will overthrow its oppressors the Bourgeois in a final Revolution then says Marx Socialism will inevitably replace capitalism everything will be run on behalf of the workers the dictatorship of the proletariat under benevolent State ownership there will be plenty for everyone finally said Marx the elements of control even the state itself no longer needed will wither away and socialism will give way to the final system to Communism Marx did not describe his ideal state in any detail that was in the future Marxism is not really about Socialism or communism its Chief concern is industrialization Marxist theories had great appeal they dealt with that looming fact industrialization they seemed to be thoroughly scientific they appealed for human freedom and Justice Perhaps it is time you heard from an authority Fredick Engles German born resident in England I am a capitalist myself or rather half of me is partnered in a textile meal in Manchester though most of my profits go to the cause of Communism partner with Carl Marx sometimes s it's even difficult for me to tell what he wrote and what I wrote but he is the genius I was meant to play second fiddle Bill build built we must smash smash the military bureaucratic conflict smash the state good day good day Mikel M ban nobleman former officer of the tar revolutionary Anarchist anything that limits person Liberty is evil any violent destruction of authority is good no not your sort of blind destruction now science must be the fine fine then we will scientifically destroy the state we get law order property authority to get rid of property yes but mik anarchism is is an emotion not an ideology emotion is dust in the eyes you are a Mohammad without accordin mik you will achieve nothing without a Doctrine nothing but noise and dubious excitement there must be a revolution a bloody Revolution yes but it will only succeed if it is based on Doctrine our [Music] Doctrine BL the revolutions came they swept Europe in 1848 they were popular uprisings or outbursts of nationalist feelings without clear political aims without Doctrine but they seized the imaginations of young people everywhere it was like a fire s into a dry forest students workers Artisans even all of us together aund doen took to the street re we cried leave La reform overnight the barricades went up we drove up the king's troops and we marched on the T's Place but Philip had R to England Marx made it clear that his ideas played no part in these revolutions but in Belgium where he was then living he did take personal action Carl had just inherited 6,000 gold F the only large sum of money we ever had he gave 5 ,000 FR to buy arms for the Belgian workers and he taught them revolutionary tactics the secret police found him out we both were jailed and exiled again finally there was no place left for us to go but London and here we have stayed the Revolutions of 1848 disintegrated into confusion failure and renewed oppression but for the defeated marks had a stirring message The Communist Manifesto Manifesto communist The Communist Manifesto was not a factor in the 1848 revolutions it was a bomb with a delayed fuse that in time would shake the whole world like Marx's basic doctrines the manifesto back social change with scientific analysis that appealed to 19 century reformers with their strong beliefs in scientific methods it was also a cry for action that appeal to revolutionaries a spectre is hunting Europe the Spectre of Communism the manifesto is to Marxist full doctrines somewhat like a national anthem to a country it swept his ideas to millions of waiting Minds let the ruling class tremble at the Communist Revolution the proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains they have a world to win workers of all lands unite but Marx did not say that already the manifesto was outdated capitalism was changing New Wealth created by industrialization was radically altering Society said Engles in only 100 years the Bourgeois has created greater productive forces than have all the preceding Generations together fight on Bravely then gentlemen of capital your factories and your trade must lay the foundation for the liberation of the proletariat your reward shall be a brief time of rule but remember The Hangman's foot is on the threshold the hangman did not come as the workers lot himed in England Marxism did not become a serious Force there in European countries even marxists began to seek their goals through negotiations with employers and by political action rather than by Revolution all right things are looking up there'll be no more grinding of the Eds of the poort I'll see the owners hey oh no no thanks to them bleeders no it's the union I'm shop stward now you know then Mooky Mooks down in Westminster are listening for the change 10 hours a day and a thicker wage packet a fair days work for the fair days pay that's what I always say in most of Europe Marxism was not taking hold there was though one great nation where the ground for revolution remained fertile Russia Russia in most ways was still a feudal country of peasants and aristocratic landlords ruled by the Zar of all the Russians but Russia was restless with a strong tradition of Anarchy and terrorism that had been ruthlessly suppressed this man Vladimir ilich ulanov Lenin armed with the doctrines of Marx revived the hopes of Russian revolutionaries without him Marxism might have failed or been softened as in Europe to the teachings of Marx lenon added the Russian revolutionary fire and love of conspiracy according to Marxist doctrines Zar Russia was not ready for the final Revolution capitalism was at an early stage industrialization was primitive Revolution must wait said many marxists but Russia was a vulnerable country World War I exposed that vulnerability 50 years earlier a Russian revolutionary had made a prediction what is needed to make Russia for into fragments not much two three military defeats some peasant uprisings open Revolt in the capital the German Army supplied the military defeats the guns of a mutinous Russian Fleet supplied the open revolt [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] in 1917 Russia did fall into fragments theara State vanished and into the vacuum taking a huge non-marxist gamble moved lenon and his radical party the bolix Lennon had many rivals to power in the confusion that followed but with ruthless skill and determination he triumphed friedrick Engles could have predicted it the Communists had the advantage of clearly understanding the line of Advance the conditions and the ultimate results of the movement to Lenin the line of March was clear modernized industrialized build a strong Central State copy the capitalists to do that Lennon soon Stamped Out the Democratic and Anarchist elements among the revolutionaries the uh Moscow head of the extraordinary commission to combat counterrevolution and sabotage reports an incident yesterday in a Tavern where criticism was made of the bics now members of the ccha who were present were forced to shoot seven of these Hooligans and this brings to 6,300 official executions by the czecher this year as comrade lenon said great problems in the life of nations are decided by force Mark Alexandro G first class formally of the cruiser aora our guns help make the Revolution and that is a effect do you know that comred lening called us the pride and beauty of the Revolution that was 4 years ago November and now I rot here and most of my comrades slaughtered by the Red Army I'm sure comrade lenning cannot know what happened can you tell us we were stationed at the base at Cronan we demonstrated and made demands they called it Mutiny what did you SE little enough we sought freedom of action for all political parties of the elect we sought freedom for the peasants to do what they likeed with their land we sought equal food RS for everybody we sought the end of special privilege for the biks the Communist party sets aims which the working class does not understand completely today but which they will understand tomorrow a communist official set about to make Russia into a 20th century centralized industrial State trying to do in a few years what had taken Western Europe almost a 100 to a large extent they succeeded but Carl Marx would not have recognized in the drabness of the human values the Marxist socialist Nation he envisioned dictatorship of the proletarian directing the masses like a chief engineer running a machine how could Marx fail to see that would betray all the people's hopes Marxism wherever it has taken hold has meant material progress sometimes but always at the cost of personal freedom and human values the reverse of what Marx foresaw yet his ideas seem still to be attractive to many today especially in underdeveloped Nations struggling out of poverty our people must own their own land own their own factories own their own mines and oil fields Luis laretta Marxist Fighter for freedom you have seen my country and what did you see the Hilton H hell or did you see also the slams and the plantations what do you offer birth control and handouts for happy peasants in Nations where Marxism is deeply rooted or in those where it is only beginning the theories of Carl Mark seem always to bring with them both promise and tragedy and the same beiling arguments about the man and his ideas that have always been there history is an our side Marx is a Visionary a Marxist state would consist of slavery within an interminable War without th why am I still in prison what has happened to our evolution bye everyone bye [Music]