Iowa TV Schooltime - Let's Explore Science #11, 1952

let's explore science woi TV and association with Iowa State Teachers College brings you another in the series Iowa TV school time here is your instructor for today mr. Walter Goleman good morning we've been having a lot of fun with this mysterious little bottle John show them what you can do with that bottle don't buy talks to it what photo babe oh yes you stop it right in the middle why does just what he wants it to that's a well-trained little bottle isn't it no you could make one of those and have lots of fun with your friends for to think you could now you said you were going to make one as soon as you got home before we go on with our program probably you'd like to meet these young people is fine antique we have on our program this morning you want to give your name and your school so we'll all be appointed I Ambani's Gurkha knife from state center school I'm John Goodman I'm coast is going to school I'm Jenny lomography Space Center too oh I see you're all from state senator how far you have come this morn you got to be on our program yes you told me you never thought you'd have an opportunity to be on television here you are well now this clever little trick that John was performing you undo it again see if it still works can you make that bottle stand right in the middle John there it is well that's quite a mysterious trick oh but say look here I think somebody invented that before we did let's take a look at our fish in the aquarium can they stay right in one place without paddling their fins well they have our little trick don't they is that trick a mystery or can you explain the trick that we have over here with a small bottle Bonnie can you when you push on this there's pressure on the water and that pushes more lon up into the little plastic and makes it cool down mix it mix it without you say the things that have your water will go down let's see here I have a rock is a rock heavier or lighter than water when the do if I put it in the aquarium you think that go to the bottom and it goes here I have a court is that lighter or heavier than air but without the aquarium what'll happen but now the fish don't float and they don't sink today how do you explain the fact that little bottle can be made stand the middle make a stand in the middle again right in the middle Jane how do you explain that little while the fact that the bottle can be made stand right in the middle buoyancy that's the balance of air and water and then you can just stay in the middle because it's balanced 54 you mean that the buoyancy on it is just exactly equal to its weight so stays right in the middle now that would be very handy for these fish to be able to stay in the middle what would they have to do if they were lighter than water they would come to the copper would ask you to stay down well it might have more weight yes they might be looking for some weight eat some gravel or something they could do that suppose that they were lighter than air our lighters in the water what's the only way that they could stay down what they have to do they'd have to keep swimming one thing have you ever been in a swimming pool or you've had to keep swimming you have to keep swimming to stay up yeah to do is it tiring wouldn't be hand if you were the same way to some water just like the fish would the fish have to do if he was heavier than the water well then he'd sink to the bottom and stay there but what would you have to do if you want to come up you'd have to swim up do you think all fish in the same weight as water we have some fish known as dieters some people call them stone rowers that always stay right down on the bottom of the river even in fast water do you think they're heavier or lighter than water they think they're heavier than water I wonder what if a fish would stay the same weight as the water all the time or does a fish have to fix his way do you think a fish can do you get lighter if he's too heavy you think you can make himself lighter just keep swimming over here we have a speech that I've taken apart this fish has this is a river chub it's one we caught last spring and preserve you see this air sac to the Malheur say no one this fish was fresh that little air sac was blown up just like the bladder and football what he supposed to uses it for the bladder part all right so he can stay suspended in the water what you suppose you were doofy becomes too heavy just bladder this football batterson culture all the airs out what would you do if you were too heavy put more air in it what would he do if you were to light he would let some air out and that way the fish can stay the same weight as a water so he doesn't have to get tired swimming up and down all the time let's try another little experiment here I have some nails you want to feel this John Locke what temperature is it oh pop temper this room let's put in some hot water that should be hot I'll just touch your life again ha let's put it back in the water and then we're going to put it in one of these jars Lonnie do you want to read the temperature of that water and that speaker is that send a greater Fahrenheit horrible that's 20 degrees centigrade that's one of our top of the monitor let's put it in here and get it hot then put it back in the water now will you touch it again it's cool feel the water so John field of washing self and I let him feel the water I'll feel the day off about the same temperature let's put the number of nails in this hot water we are through this very well we'll put quite a number in here eat them up I think there's hottest water yeah there should be let's take them over here feeling we get to do all of the field it's still sort of warm let's put them back little longer how did it feel cool they're cold I wonder if the temperature the water changed and he did it you want to read that again Bonnie and you read any change it's about 21 the water got a little warmer in the nails got cold what if that works the other way let's put these nails in ice water this water should be cold as ice cubes in it I'll feel the name now let's put the wheel put the nail back in the same one now feel the nail in the water job I'll feel the water was a little colder maybe we didn't hold it in there long enough a little longer try it again when they held all the water let's see if we can bring that to mom at the back down where it was you should be cold come back in the water we read the thermometer again it is going down just a little bit the water is getting colder now we're going to with that goats backs in line we're going to try another little experiment this time we're going to compare you with the goldfish driven since I to the goldfish oh well I'd be new would compare you with a goldfish we'll just pour out this water wave over to our aquarium and get some water from our goldfish what about the same mountain speaker a little more in this one a little bit more is that about the same law then we're ready for our little experiment don't go away you're going to be the subject we're going to get our net from guide I'm going to catch one of the goldfish how about Blackie seems very easy to catch black be in here now Jane we asked you to let's take the temperature first he would come through the water aquarium change you want to read those temperatures 525 all right they're both 25 both the same temperature now the fish is going to be in this one and Bonnie will you put your fingers down in this other one to put all the fingers down in that right down in the water to hold them that way down the water that's right we'll just think this mama draw if it's in your way I wonder what's going to happen to the temperature of this water you want to make any guesses before we see do you think it'll stay the same what's going to happen to the temperature of the water do you think it's going to warm up with your hand in it well we'll have to see let's see if there's any kings go five look at the mondrian wait for the second is there any change it's not about 26 what does this one read and still 25 now in many ways in which your differ from a goldfish but this shows one what is one way in which you're different from goldfish or have we have one blood what is your body temperature you know that's right when you have a fever your mother uses that as a standard doesn't she 98.6 you're warm-blooded which what about this fish was he's cold-blooded what's his temperature we had a fish doctor and he took his temperature I wonder what temperature he would get for the fish same temperatures of water now I wonder if that is handy for these foot foot black suit bag he doesn't like to see disturb any more he's head of ours now I wonder if that's very handy for these fish have the same temperature as the water why you think the fish would die if the water was quoted in the fish when you go swimming in a fool you take on the temperature of the pool you don't take the same temperature your skin just get the same temperature and you don't get so much a shot you say have been done that right do you think you could stay in a pool for 24 hours without coming out why not well I'm suppose you keep your head up up and get air you think you get very cold suppose you went in the pool now if there was water in the pool closed when the pool now you think you could live there swimming around the pool or you get very close we see it these fish don't have to worry about the temp to the water as long as it doesn't freeze because they just take the same temperatures of water now we've seen two ways that the fish are well equipped for living in the water I wonder if there are some other ways that the fish are equipped for living in the water see here let's take a look at this fish oh he's a wild one isn't it yes he was while we caught him out in the wild he's excited it was like television program does he well let's see if we can see anything any movement on his head look at his head you see anything that's moving Oh his gills what about his mouth it's taking him more don't like talking to you doesn't it but he's taking in water you see some of those little pieces of dust in there with his mouth and come out the side keep drinking lots of water isn't he crazy oh yes he isn't drinking it is he it's going past its gills John why does he keep pushing water pastor skills all right that's right if you had goes like that should be quite on an underwater swimmer would ya put stay under that the fish is taking in the water pushing him past his gills I wonder if we could take a look at the gills of the fish first let's look at this 50 kills to protect him we're going to wrap it in wet cotton now if you want to give me the net so we can catch him this isn't going to hurting too much that's our pitch did you know how to notice how fast fish can move in the water wonder why that's handy to be able to move so fast alright and they do have enemies don't think yes they can get away from their enemies well let's there we taught him let's put him in the wet cotton or like cotton around him now we see on his head we see a little bony patch to gill cover let's lift it up if we can without hurting him what do you see under the keel cover what are those one of those red thing to see under the deal covers air sacs the gills aren't they what did they give what color of the gills what color the kilts no that's the heel comfort what color the gills under the pillow they're red I wonder why they're so red we better for a little fish back there he's happy again wonder why the gills are so red have any idea what makes the gills rent have you ever seen a fish after it's been out of water if someone is caught and put in a boat and spit out a water for quite some time and then you look at the gills what color do they get people fishing not very often given us the color of the gills well get very pale pink what makes to heal so red well fish passes lots of water through them was the water make them read what carries the oxygen around in the fish's body what do you suppose the hills it feels it did you ever hook a fish in the gills and then when you pull the hook out you injure the fish did it bleed there was lots of blood mcgill let's go back to our fish that we put apart this preserved one or this one we're just turning over here we see the gills see the large field I took the gill cover away now a fish has a clever little device on his feels because when he go through the water he takes in lots of pieces of plant and so on and these pieces of plans would catch on his gills so he has some little teeth just like a poem you see them feet just like a quote those are called gill rakers what do you suppose they do that's right they rate the plans out and then the fish biscuits mouth if you ever notice the fish cake spit out some debris efficient aquarium spitting off the tree we've ever notice that you watch your face very closely and you'll see them do that now we've seen that these fish are very well for living in the water on tape what about plants here I have a water plant here I have a dream you want hand me the forceps and we'll pull that long stick that one and we will fully water plant out of long one let's go right beside this one don't stand up with it the geranium has a stiff down the water plan as what kind of stamp very limber stem doesn't it I wonder if that has any value to the water plant let's see this is a water plant growing in a pond the pond is very shallow we grow over the water let's make the water in this pond deeper sometimes when the rain water runs into the pond and the phone gets deeper let's make the pawn deeper bond is getting deeper watch the plan on getting still deeper black was ramped with the water right it's a little tight in that jar it comes right up with the water well then sometimes when the after 4 in D pick a cello yet shell it's getting more and more shallow the plant goes right down with it so we see that the plants are also fixed for living in water aren't they hmm let's see is our fish running out of oxygen yet we were waiting for him to do that I wonder if he's running short of oxygen let's compare him with a pellet just like you take a full of smoke does one fish seem to be we'll call it breathing because that's the same debris that one patient is smaller it seems breathing harder than the other which one seems to be breathing the hardest how do you know that he's breathing harder you can watch his gills can't you could you count the number of times the gills jump it's going too fast I wonder if we could help that fish out many times when a fisherman goes fishing he has lots of minerals in the middle pocket have you done that hmm drover of the minerals died died what did you notice the minerals doing just before they die seem to breathe hard to notice anything else what part of the bucket do you find them in there all up at the top I wonder why they're up at the top just if more air maybe that's a good observation when they die they get lighter than the water and float on top don't they but just before they fish die we see the fish up at the top just grabbing as much of that water right from the surface as you can you said you give that gives it more air can you tell me how more oxygen how does the oxygen get in the water at the top the air mixes with the water right up at the top now one little trick that you can use your minerals don't seem to have enough oxygen and they're all coming to the top we were hoping this little minnow would come to the top but the water seems to be too cold or too much oxygen but I wonder if we can help him out give them a little first aid let's give them a little air pump little air in there see if that will help them any that's right with bubble air pump a little heart it also if you're ever on a fishing trip and have a tire pump in the car you'll bubble some air oh yes he's getting quite lively of me you can bubble some air into the water and keep the fish alive you think these gills don't seem to be moving as fast we're giving you more air now I said the cold water held more oxygen in the hot water this is some other way we could help this fish is another way we could help this fish to get oxygen put ice in it now I wonder if that would be at a safe trick when you prepare an aquarium and you put fish from warm water into very cold water not right away we'd have to do it very slowly wouldn't we probably if we would put this fish over the ice bar will add a little more water cool down the ice water food on his water for putting in the ice water look down very slowly I think this would help them to get oxygen now we have a few minutes left let's go back to our great no there's another ways you can do this this trick real for the better soda straw I'm going to put this soda straw in this rubber too if you want to place a friend you can do it both ways here I have a little fruit jar cover a hole was drilled in the crew chair cover we soldered a little pipe you'd have to go down to shop and do that's not a little pipe in there let's take the rubber on my door off you want to do that just pull on one side at this jumps off in it and let's put this over now this is called blow the little bottle down Bonnie do you want to blow on that straw go hard almost boom down there he goes we stop blowing what happened it comes right back up you can blow him down attention all right they're getting very red from blowing that that's enough see what happened can you explain why you can glow just little fellow down all right it makes the last much heavier now let's review all the things we have learned on this program today first let's start with our gold fish over in the aquarium let's see how much we've learned about the ways of these fish are equipped for fitted to live in the water John do you want to tell us about one way the fish are equipped to fit to live in the water you say then that they keep the same temperature as a water is that very very handy thing to have you on living water yes does the water temperature outside change very much during the year yes yes you know if you go swimming too early in the spring very cold in it and then the summer gets quite warm and now what temperature is it it's very very cold Bonnie do you want to tell us some other ways the fish are fitted live in the law alright the fish have gills and they they don't have to bother about breathing air like we do it to them they just take the water past their gills and use the oxygen from the water how are the gills fixed so that they any little pieces of plant we're cause debris any little pieces of plan for foreign Maddox comes into their Maps cum in the mouth and they're breathing how are the girls fix would say that doesn't tangle up on the guild and the other way at the fish are equipped to live in the water they have an air-sex nice whenever they want balance themselves at there they go to the bottom why they need more air so they just put more air in there in fact in the 50 like they stay on the top and when I go down where they can spit out some air from there in fact that's right now we also thought they were very fast into it but these gold fish don't swim very fast their pets there is much easier to catch than some of the wild fish outside under there is one other thing we when we catch fish or handle fish we should always have our hands wet before we touch the fish because the fish have a little slimy coating you know special just a little slimy and if we take that off then the fish will get sore spots and the fish may die now let's go to our plant well that's way down here now isn't it I wonder how this plan how do we find this plant is equipped to all right it has a very limber stem so they can move up and down with the water do you think that you will be able to go back to your school and tell you to your classroom is about this or do they have a television set well they have a television set they were all about it and they're listening in aren't they well ask you have been a very very good time let's explore science is brought to you as a part of iowa TV school time presented by woi TV and cooperation with Iowa State College the State University of Iowa Iowa State Teachers College and the State Department of Public Instruction