Images Of The Other: Arabs in American Media

good evening my name is was atmospheric and I would like to welcome you on behalf of the arab student organization and the committee on lecture it's a great pleasure to introduce tonight's speaker i promised dr. Shaheen to keep it short what's gonna be hard dr. Jack Shaheen is a professor of mass communication at Southern Illinois University and the preferred professional journalist he's a frequent guest on major radio and television programs his writings more than 200 articles appear in publications such as Newsweek The Wall Street Journal and Washington Post dr. Shaheen selected by the Department of State as a scholar diplomat is the author of nuclear war films and the TV Arab he is the recipient of two fulbright-hays lectureship grants the grant enabled him to teach journalism at the University of Jordan and American University of Beirut under the auspices of the United States Information Agency professor Shaheen offers seminars for government officials and journalists in the Middle East his lectures in he lectures in Canada Europe and throughout the United States on problems and prospects of stereotypes in American popular culture at present he is working on a new book The Hollywood air ladies and gentlemen please help me welcome dr. Jackson to college professors were out celebrating a basketball victory they've been friends for years when Chang and Sol and they had one too many beers and saw looked over at when Chang and said I've been meaning to tell you something buster I hate you and I hate all your people and when Chang was astonished he said what are you talking about consol said you know what I'm talking about December 7th 1941 you people you bombed Pearl Harbor you killed all those Americans and when Chang said but Saul I'm Chinese the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor a chinese japanese vietnam t1 YZ c1 seen them all you're all like you people so when Chang ordered another pitcher of beer looked over at his friends saw I says I've got something to tell you buster he says I hate you people I hate Jews he says you know why April 14th 1912 the Titanic you people sunk the Titanic all those men women children because of you people they drowned that's all except this one shine you got to be kidding an iceberg sank the Titanic yeah iceberg Rosenberg boomer Goldberg see one you've seen them all I'm particularly pleased to be amidst a group of cyclones here in Ames this evening I wanna thank you Asif for the very very kind introduction and would like to greet greet each of you in the name of peace and justice the theme of my talk this evening is really to help foster mutual understanding and dialogue I think it's best reflected by dr. John at a core who's the president of Spelman College down in Jordan down in Georgia and dr. Kaul said we are for difference for respecting difference for allowing difference until difference doesn't make any more difference a much needed quality I think in today's world is understanding other people's other cultures our country is a microcosm of humanity and no other country in the world is peopled by a greater variety of races nationalities and ethnic groups thus our goal should be the expansion of tolerance not the escalation of intolerance we need to recognize and to challenge the stereotypes of the day I don't know how many of you ever stopped to pause to consider the origin of the word stereotype but I think it gives added meaning when we talk about it to understand that it comes from the printing press for those of you who are journalists or spent any time in a press room you know you have one plate and from that one plate many copies copies are all the same and as a result you know replication and rigidity replication and rigidity a sense of permanence so that you can't change it no matter what you do the stereotype is not based on valid knowledge it's inaccurate it's acquired secondhand rather than through direct experience it's resistant to change through a new experience mindlessly adopted and casually adapted the stereotype acts as amoeba flourishing and ignorance and because of ignorance fear and misunderstanding stereotypes tend to strangle ones humanity ugly myths makes selected groups targets of hate hate springs wholly from fear fear comes largely from ignorance from required habits the stereotype is it's like a volatile gas beneath the plant okay beneath the earth the weight of the soil represents enlightenment and it blocks the stereotype just blocks it keeps it down but when an uncontrolled and violent storm comes along say the Gulf War the stereotype springs up from the soil bursts into flame hurting innocent people the stereotype is due in large part of our failure to acknowledge our common bond our lack of commitment to the common good we need to recognize the basic human the basic humanists in each of us that as a nation as a nation we clearly benefit from the diversity of people's no we sit around and we have a cup of coffee and we ask ourselves do senseless stereotypes bring people together by championing diversity and global understanding of course not Syrio types are stupid they're ugly and endlessly repeated endlessly repeated they desecrate the quest for human equality all collective judgments are wrong as Nobel Peace Prize winner Elie Wiesel says there are good people and bad people in every community no human race is superior no religious faith is inferior the teachings of Gandhi and dr. Martin Luther King Junior's as wise L do not apply to just Indians or African Americans to tar people any people with a sinister brush is to do both them and I deserves finally to emphasize the significance and the possible damage of the stereotype does consume the words of historian Carole looke of Columbia University who said I think stereotypes have the longest half-life in the history of the globe they will not go away now this evening the title of the presentation has to do with images of the other with primarily a focus on perceptions of arrows in American popular culture but before we deal with that I want very much to share with you that in order for a stereotype to be successful we have to create a boogie person not a boogey man or a boogie woman we're gonna create a boogie person we have to have a target of hate now I've come up with maybe 11 or 12 points to identify this target of hate this boogie person and I want to share this with you one it's someone who looks different the costuming the way they're dressed unattractive dark features often in need of a shave too speaks with an accent or a different language 3 threatening to destroy us through our economic to our economy terrorism for our beliefs in a different deity or beliefs in non 5 is anti-christian 6 kidnaps our lusts after our white Western women 7 is a Collard plays by a different set of rules inferior unable to assimilate 8 inept in the bedroom and on the battlefield 9 uncivilized satus thriving on torture taking no prisoners 10 only when his hordes outnumber our champions a faceless mass syndrome and finally eleven the boogie person does not value life as much as we do as much as we do sadly for more than four decades the Arab has been America's big booty person if you study depictions of Jews in Nazi Germany you'll find that we look on the Arabs the same way we looked upon the Jew a century ago as a stereotype so CBS TV's Jeffrey st. John in stereotyping the Arab says st. John we in the West are shocked and surprised to find how potentially catastrophic such bigotry and racism can really be if you know that one in five college students today is victimized for reasons of race religion ethnicity or sexual orientation more than 100 college campuses recently reported incidents of racism ranging from name-calling to physical abuse in this most highly individualistic of societies some of us are judged less as persons than as types unless as types than a stereotypes I think its students and teachers administrators we have an obligation to challenge the religious and ethnic biases to create divisions among peoples in reality ladies and gentlemen most Jews do not resemble Shylock's most Asians do not resemble foo Manchu most blacks do not resemble Aunt Jemima most Hispanics do not resemble frito Bandito and most Arabs do not represent Abdullah the uncool oh one telling effect of insidious portraits is that innocence continually become victims of dhimmi humanizing caricatures it goes way back you know Cicero wrote a letter to his friend in Greece and he warned him he said hey do not obtain your slaves from Britain because they are so stupid even then now as an overview we look at different racial and ethnic groups Mormons for example Roseanne Barr came out with a book a couple of years ago and she writes in it Mormons are sort of Nazi Amish and quo Mormons are sort of Nazi Amish Jews 50 years ago sports writers were having a problem trying to explain the Jewish dominance of basketball basketball was the sports writer by the name of Paul gallico and this is what he wrote about Jewish domination of the sport the reason I suspect that basketball appeals to the Hebrew with his oriental background is that the game places a premium on an alert scheming mind flashy trick admit artful dodging and general smart-aleck myths and quote it's interesting I came across a I was reading a book about Henry Ford because I'm thinking of buying guitars you know one know little by Henry Ford and in the book there's this is I hope you're ready for this every time I read it I have to keep a straight face let me get correct okay this is a quote from the book jazz said Henry Ford's Dearborn independent that was a newspaper that he created jazz is part of an international conspiracy never mind that it's played by blacks the mush the slosh the sly suggestion the abandoned sensuousness of sliding oats our Jewish origin end quote in the headline in the paper on the front page is Jewish jazz moron music becomes our national music end quote and okay I I spent the summer I normally don't talk about images of the Turkish people were Greek Orthodox but I spent the summer in South Carolina arrived a friend of the Greek Orthodox priest who was doing his reserve training not even son you know I forget the name of the town in Texas but they were bringing over from Turkey a Turkish officer while you know the Greeks and the Turks historically have not necessarily slept in the same room and so he went to the base commander and this is a priest and he said you better not put this Turkish Muslim officer next to me because he might not like Greeks and I might not like him and there may be a problem and of course the Turkish officer came over with his wife and he imagined seeing a Greek Orthodox priest with the top hat and the long beard dressed in black you know chanting with incense cure I saw on TV a licen and instead he meets this macho Greek American running around in jogging shorts you know hi there you know how are you so it must have been a dramatic shock well to make a long story short they became very close friend both of them began to in time because they lived close together to unlearn some of their preconceived images that they had of one another almost every group has been in some way denigrated humiliated I just came back from Canada where I was lecturing met a young girl from Pakistan and they call her a Paki a Paki and she was giving a report in her class on what it felt like and couldn't continue broke down the tears beautiful young lady labelled a Paki Asians a friend came up to me and told me a story of what happened in Atlanta she was in in a supermarket on two seven or seventh 1991 last year the 50th anniversary of the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the man she saw a man walk up to a Japanese American at the checkout stand and he said you know I wasn't at Pearl Harbor you know he says but I forgive you and the lady paused and turned around and looked him in the eye and said well sir I was at Hiroshima and I forgive you now that takes some doing to be able to all of a sudden unlearn and to put things in perspective stereotypes do not exist in a vacuum the internment of more than 100,000 japanese-americans during World War Two in February of 1942 came about in part primarily because of the way media systems denigrated the Japanese over a period of time the newspapers of William Randolph Hearst a motion picture industry and even today on 60 minutes Andy Rooney can make this statement quote I'm vaguely anti-japanese don't ask me why just prejudice I guess I'm very comfortable with some of my prejudices and have no thought of changing them now and have no thought of changing them now Native Americans for those of you who are aware of textbooks whenever they there's a confrontation and it's between the cavalry and Native Americans and the cavalry wins it's recorded as the Battle of so and so right now what happens when the native Americans that's what slaughter or massacre now I ask would you rather die in a battle or a massacre now Mark Twain said it best the difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug massacre what images do you get of people that would bring about a massacre it's like Shelley Berman for those of you were into pg-13 type stuff cleans and dirties battles are clean massacres are dirty that's still prevalent in many textures now let me share with you an incident such an incident dealing with color one has to do with an african-american in st. Louis he's walking by an exclusive shopping area okay somebody sees him excusive shopping area calls up the police police come out and question him he's a first-rate scholar at Washington University they questioned him because of the color of his skin Collinsville Illinois ten miles from where I live Mexican American great restaurant it's called Ramones somebody calls the police removing goes to Mexico a lot I think he's in drugs Ramon drives up to his restaurant okay hold it Ramon open up the trunk of your car what's going on let's check we're checking for drugs no drugs come and arab-american goes to Saks Fifth Avenue in Beverly Hills buys a Chanel purse he snubbed they won't take his check why because the clerk said stop he's suing Saks color come Arab all Americans all Americans and the color situation the incidents took place within approximately three months of one another in different parts of the country st. Louis Missouri Collinsville Illinois and of course Los Angeles California where Beverly Hills California no you say well what difference do all these false impressions make well I think it's the difference between clear thinking and confusion between tolerance love and hatred the stereotype also helps shape public opinion since our government continues to make policy judgments throughout the world it's imperative for Americans to begin to think clearly to discern between image and reality let me sum it up by saying that on Sunday evening when I was listening to my daughter seeing jazz in st. Louis there were about 80 handicapped people in the audience and one of them was wearing a button I'll never forget what that button said attitudes are the real disability attitudes are the real disability you know we also have a tendency to fall into a trap by judging peoples of a region based on the actions of their leaders now let's pause from oh don't you think it's dangerous to accept all Cubans as clones of Castro Iranians as clones of the late Ayatollah Khomeini Israelis as clones of the late rise of Rabbi Meir kahani too weak wait Arabs as clones of Saddam Hussein to equate Americans as clothes of Jim and Tammy Bakker you people you people there we go you people are all like that now when we look at the Arabs we have to ask ourselves how much do we know about the Arab people most of us have never really met an Egyptian savvy Palestinian we've not been to an Arab country most of us actually do not know Arabs from personal experience but rather from symbols as journalists walter Lippmann always used to say pictures in our heads symbols which bard our psyches daily with hurtful images these symbols are virtually all the images Americans have of other people's ask the average man or woman on the street to define Arab surveys reveal we lump them together as a fearful mass quotes like Arabs have a cult-like religion they're terrorists they live in tent women follow the camels Arabs believe not in our God but in a fake makeup God yet the Arab world is as diversified as the Western world given this scenario why do image image makers tend to love what Arabs together as a fearful mass nearly 300 million people from North Africa Southwest Asia the Arabian Peninsula 65 percent are under the age of 20 65 percent the 21 Arab nations are equivalent to 50 American states each different in cultures and local dialect the region is 1 and 1/2 times as large as the United States now I've been fortunate thanks to government grants and and lecture lectureship opportunities to visit 14 Arab nations I can assure most Arabs have never lived in the tent semen oil well moderate a camel or ridden the magic carpet most are poor not rich farmers not entrepreneurs political moderates not radicals pragmatists and not idealists yet our information about Gulf Arabs and others comes from a barrage of cliches historically the Arab and American popular culture lacks the human face the journalist Edward r murrow used to say what we do not see is often as important if not more important than what we do see and once ignored our Arab contributions to the society to our society let me describe for you for example what the images are of men and of women men error men are relegated to four basic roles Bedouin bandit usually attacking a foreign region Ford or a British outpost as in films like Beau Geste the billionaire which is the Arab sheikh who comes to the United States pulls up at McDonald's sees a blond blue-eyed fast-food waitress says you will come to me to visit my country if she says no he says it's two party guards out with sunglasses they throw her in the backseat meanwhile her American buddies down in the corner drugstore hop in the car chase after the Arabs beat them to the pot to a pulp just in time before they whisked off to the to Arabia visa Vee scenarios in the movie Protocol and Joe libanon bomber namely affiliated with Palestinian and Lula projecting the Palestinian as victim Palestinians are projected as terrorists the billionaire the bomber the bedouin bandit and finally although this isn't readily apparent all the time you see the Arab merchants the Arab merchants who someone who's always out to cheat you there's a movie called appointment with death with Peter Ustinov and Lauren Bacall says the Arabs have a nose for it don't they meaning cheating they have a nose for it don't be that sort could never be really directed in any other group and put out in the motion picture but the Arabs have when it comes to women the images even more women are relegated as usually walking around with jugs on their head they seldom speak women are for the most part mute occasionally we'll see a woman who's fairly articulate but she's a terrorist needs to be black Sunday she's a terrorist the other two images the prevailing images are harem mages women are always subservient I don't know how many of you have ever met an Arab woman but I'll tell you this is a stereotype I've never met one that's subservient okay now most Arab women are really strong-willed well-educated determined I always like to you know when you get it women who really have a tough time everywhere and you start comparing apples with oranges I always think of you don't want to get into that but I can tell you one thing they are certainly not bundles in black that have no personality and they're certainly not belly dancers who go around showing as much flesh as possible in order to solicit favors but these are the images belly dancers bundles and black inarticulate submissive walking around with jugs on their head now I tell you these images have been with us I'm working on a book called the Hollywood era these images have been with us in film for more than a century in literature for centuries for centuries in literature and in television ever since TV came about we have these images they repeated over and over again and one of the things that comes about is that all Arabs even though maybe there are you know I said 300 million people there approximately 15 to 20 million Arabs who are not Muslims but Christians and you don't even know that there are Christians are sort of excluded but we continue to denigrate Islam there are more than a billion Muslims in the world I was telling a class a journalism class today that there are 4 million Muslims in the United States more than 4 million we have more Muslims than we do Episcopalians and I said is that good news or bad never silence anybody why don't they know because they don't know what's up what's up what's the Quran what's the moss the ignorance factor and so it doesn't help when you have things like the following okay there oh by the way some some facts there are 46 nations that say they are Muslim countries we got 78 Muslims 78 million Muslims 78 78 million Muslims live in China 50 million in the former Soviet republic now most images of Muslims when you say Muslim those people think Arab they don't think anything else but most images of Muslims go something like this a guy takes out his prayer rug prays and he goes and kills someone okay well after he kills someone he comes any phrase trust visa via TV movie called under siege written by in part Pulitzer Prize winning reporter from the Washington Post Bob Woodard Bob bless his heart couldn't tell the difference between an Iranian and an Arab throughout this program an Iranian was an Arab and an Arab was an Iranian most Americans don't know that Iran it's a Persian nation speak Farsi not Arabic oh but it's so close one student told me conch can you not be Arabic it's right there next to Iraq I said what do you mean I said and this kid wouldn't believe me I said well I said look Charles we're right next to Mexico what does that make us and using that type of logic he accepted the fact that it was indeed a Persian nation anyway you have things like documentaries so listen to the names and think if you replace Islam and Muslim with Judaism and Christianity think Judaism and Christianity as I rattle these off the sword of Islam the Islamic bomb you know inflamed Islam the assassins holy killers of Islam the fly these are books and documentaries the fire of Islam the heat of Ramadan militant Islam the dagger of Islam and holy wars there's a go to your library and get a copy of the National Review you'll see the November 1991 issue with a group of Bedouins on camels big color picture and the title says the Muslims are coming the Muslims are coming well can you imagine if it said the Jews are coming the Jews are coming I mean get away with it the editor gets away that's how embedded the stereotype is well the Catholics are coming the Catholics are coming would they never do it with the Italians you know my buddy I got a gut a good friend you sort of give make a phone call but they never do it with the Italian that's a stereotype I better watch ok anyway there's a I'll give you one quote just to show you how bad this this is Amos Perlmutter bless his heart writing in The Wall Street Journal this is what he wrote the containment strategy for the Islamic holy war it's about a general Islamic war against the West Christianity modern capitalism Zionism and communism all at once writes Perlmutter American policymakers he says must decide that our war against Moslem populism is of the utmost priority 48 mission nations and 100 billion plus people okay the image that's given to Muslims is this that they all hate Jews and they all hate Christians that's particularly prevalent in films such as the Delta Force they all hate Jews and they all hate Christians now for those of you who study religion Christianity Judaism Islam they share much in common we never look at the commonalities that bind us together they share freedom liberty the pursuit of happiness social welfare human rights with dignity yet during the dedication of Christopher Columbus Memorial in Houston Texas a representative from the mayor's office office commented in front of a large crowd quote we should celebrate Christopher Columbus's accomplishments for persistent in his efforts to come to this world because think how it would be if Muslims had beaten him here we would be living under an East and Eastern culture and that would be terrible end quote images in popular culture speak when I was growing up and most of the people here with gray hair or dark hair that used Grecian formula there were three centers of influence the church the synagogue or the mosque the family peers and your friends and your and the school your teachers and those were the center of influence that they they really in a sense shaped our vision of other people or helped shape that well today we have to add another element we add to this the media curriculum because we're watching we're spending more time watching television than we are in the classroom and disadvantaged children are spending even more time than they should be up to eight hours a day ten twelve hours a day and so images on silver screens making up the this curriculum are really a force to be reckoned with and providing how we feel about different people I took a two summers ago I surveyed 289 secondary school teachers from five states I asked them to write down the name of a humane or heroic screen Arab that they'd seen ever six wrote Ali Baba and Sindh that one wrote those line those Arabs in line of the desert the remaining 282 wrote no the survey brought back memories of Oscar Hammerstein South Pacific not a great movie but one great song there's a scene in South Pacific that when it was trying out in Boston the producers came up to Oscar Hammerstein and they said the show only goes to New York if you eliminate this song and Hammerstein no the song stays and the song deals with Nellie the heroine who finds out that the Frenchman that she loves had previously married a Polynesian woman she can't marry him now she says because yet a couple of kids covers different she says I can't marry you because I was born prejudiced not so it says her Navy lieutenant friend and in the song he explains to the Frenchmen the situation he tries to explain it goes something like this you've got to be taught from year-to-year you've got to be careful Tom you've got to be taught before it's too late before you're six or seven or eight to hate all the people your relatives today your media hate you've got to be carefully thought you've got to be careful tom the fate of the empire depends on the education of the youth set our style yet our young minds are being saturated with images that show Arabs as proper subjects for debasement I gave you where we talked about the images now to make these images even more horrific what do we do with them we've got the billionaire the bomber the Bedouin band at the belly dancer the bundle in black well the producers have done and continually do is they've created what they call a mythical park called Arab land okay our brand exists in most films we start and you'll help me with this it starts with a desert all right what do we have what do we add to the desert what's in the desert what campus yes camels do you not even tell you I'll speed up the ending I don't friend of mine from Egypt in order to break down stereotypes he used to go before high schools you know we in Egypt in you and you and America we have much in common you have cars we have camels he says we have cameras show rooms we have camels with one hump or to you know feel more expensive you know a special carpets upholstery like you know it's very very nice he said in Egypt we have camel policeman you know we have camel jams like you have traffic jams he's on my way to school he says I always take my camel you know I stopped at the grass station you know instead they gassed it I get to the University I park in the Camelot you park in the car club and Frankie this was his way of bless his heart anyway we're back to Arab land because of the time let me let me fill this in briefly we've got the desert and we've got the camels we have either a military fortress or we have an Arabian Nights castle and surrounding that is like a soup or a marketplace where vendors try to cheat you maybe in the background we have the sinks or pyramids we prop it up a little bit with some fuel oil wells depending on what country that we're in mmm a couple of donkeys and goats some tents and basically that's Arab land you can identify it in most films and then producers who work in props come up with what they call it an instant Alibaba kit they give out seminars and daggers and all kinds of different costumes so that everything fits nicely into this and this is what we have and and this is what you do when you don't intentionally or unintentionally set out to denigrate of people when Nazi during Nazi Germany Jews were denigrated actually the image of the Jew I did a study on images of Arabs and editorial cartoons and I went back then I looked at the images of Jews an editorial cartoon during Nazi Germany and even before Nazi Germany and what the what the Germans used to do is I used to paint the Jew you have his long nose and port routing lips you know with some saliva dripping down and if it wasn't in yarmulka it was a dark sort of top hat and a black cape and he was always lusting after a German woman blonde blue-eyed German woman and he was in banking he was going to destroy Germany through banking okay and his god was different than their God and if you look at the Arab the same face the hook-nosed the Arab shake the hook nose the protruding lips the saliva the headdress the roll and instead of instead of banking its oil but the lust and the object of his attention is the same and again his religion is different from our religion so the similarities are frightening now why do we have stereotypes briefly and then we'll have a Q&A ignorance we simply don't know influence were lazy we don't care indifference part of the same package we have the stereotype because of Islam we simply don't know much about the religion because of apathy because of greed we can make money denigrating someone we'll do it because of politics the arab-israeli conflict plays a role and finally I think it's a lack of being able to understand the significance and the importance of what damage is stereotyped guns now Jesse Jackson wrote not too long ago that America is not like a blanket one piece of unbroken cloth the same color the same sex Chur the same size America said Jesse is more like a quilt men pieces many colors many sizes all woven together and held by a common thread I think Jackson's quilt metaphor is a good one because the quilt really is infinitely more viable more attractive is it not then each single patch would be by itself I want to quote a friend of mine that I met in Los Angeles four years ago he's a television producer writer by the name of Ted flicker who's an advocate of responsibility in the industry and he spoke out against Terra bashing before the boards of directors of both the Writers Guild and the Directors Guild this is what Flickr said for those of us who remember what it was like to be Jewish in the 30s and 40s stereotypes were part of the process that separated us American Jews from the rest of the community they were the cause of schoolyard fights and psychological scars that many of us carry today that's Flickr I think honor requires that we the maker of our nation's myths consider the plight of these people and help get rid of the Arab stereotypes and close and there's autobiography Carl Sandburg writes of the renewal of society and every generation of young strangers and I think by young strangers he meant young people very much like yourselves because really I think you have the ability to lead your contemporaries and to renew the values that sustain this planet in Chinese the word crisis has two elements danger and opportunity the Gulf War poses a danger that prejudicial portraits will continue to divide us but the war also poses an opportunity it gives us an opportunity to record said Margaret Mead in fact said me that's the only way it's ever happened Ron Kovic author of born on the 4th of July says it best hey let's all step into a new age the age of reason he's right I think we are in a new age and it's up to us to make it work if not if we see an injustice and if you don't act and I don't act then who and if not now at this moment then when I think it's a challenge to become a agent of liberation championing the cause of humanism charity kindness I think together we can make human ideals and human values of reality whatever affects one directly said dr. King affects all indirectly let us care about one another and not only those of our own clan or class or color just because you're a woman and a woman's denigrated don't think I care only about women or because you have polish roots you care only about someone who's polish or because you know you that's self-destructive we have to expand that to care about others dr. King's words act as a symbol of unifying dream hoping that our stereotypes will be swept clean our minds rededicated and our souls redeemed no with dr. King we can't overcome know that with Socrates that one who injures another injures himself or herself spiritually and no with Aristotle that hope hope is a waking dream and in shared hopes and in share dreams we can overcome the injustice of stereotyping I want to to thank you for having me here in Ames it's my first trip and until we meet again I simply like to extend a hand of friendship and of appreciation to each and every one of you thank you very much I'll be glad to answer any questions you might have I do have a a six minute clip from the cassette and that because of the time factor I didn't show it if you'd like to see it I'd be happy to show it or we can just faraway on a couple of questions that you might have when we take questions for a few minutes and those who want to stay I'll show the cassette it's only a six minute clip from the today's show any questions while I'll show the clip