Discover Flying (1969)

[Music] the principle of flight was a historic challenge baffling men for many many centuries yet today after only 2third of a century of development it has become a precise science in history man would study the birds and watch their movements for flight but today an engineer can determine the efficiency of an airplane design almost entirely by computer our study of flight will not of course be that involved but we will study briefly some of the parts of the airplane and discuss generally how these parts perform in Flight the propeller which is driven by the engine provides the thrust and pulls the airplane through the air as the speed of the airplane is increased during takeoff the special shape of the wing causes the flow of air over the wing to move further and faster than the flow underneath the difference in speed results in a partial vacuum on the top surface and lift is created this lift is increased as the speed of the airplane is increased and accounts for actual flight at the rear edge of the wing and near the wing tip the aerons disturb the air flow and by moving in opposite directions simultaneously lift One Wing and lower the other the elevator at the rear of the stabilizer disturbs the air in a similar manner this entire control surface moves in the same direction either up or down when the elevators are moved up the tail of the airplane is pitched down nose up the airplane will climb when the elevators are moved down the tail is raised the nose lowered and the airplane descends the rudder at the rear of the vertical stabilizer swings left or right moving the tail to the right or left it would be a lot easier to understand the parts we have just been talking about if we could see them on an actual airplane and so I would like you to meet Jack Kramer and this colorful beachcraft musketeer we've been talking Jack about the different parts of the airplane and perhaps you would like to explain these parts to us fine let's start with the wing all right as you can see the top surface of the wing is curved more than the lower surface and as the wing moves through the air this causes the air passing over the top of the wing to travel further and faster thereby creating lift now let's move around to the Aeron these are the aerons there's one located on each Wing they're used in turning the airplane the aerons are positioned by a movement on the control wheel if we move this aileron in this direction the air passing under the wing would have a tendency to lift this Wing at the same time the other Aeron would be in this position and the air passing over the top of the wing would have a tendency to move that Wing down thereby banking the airplane is a bank the same as a turn no but the airplane must be banked before it can be turned properly I thought the tail did that well it does in part but let's take a look in order to make what we call a coordinated turn the rudder and Aeron are applied at the same time the rudder is moved by the rudder pedals on the cabin floor aren't the rudder pedals also used in steering on the ground yes they are you push on the rudder in the direction you want to turn this is the other control surf surface located at the tail of the airplane it's called a stabilator its movement is controlled by the wheel in the cabin if you move the control wheel back this moves the stabilator up causing the nose of the airplane to pitch up if the wheel is moved forward the stabilator is moved down and causes the nose of the airplane to pitch down that is really interesting now let's get in the airplane and look at the instruments okay as you look at the instrument panel you're probably wondering what the different gauges are for and we'll start with the altimeter which measures the weight of the atmosphere and indicates our height above sea level the weight of the atmosphere changes from one part of the country to the other and we have to make adjustments in the instument when this happens how do I know what the setting should be we can get this information from the tower and then we use this knob to set the small numbers in the window at the right side of the instrument okay now let me get this straight we use the altimeter to determine our height above the ground or uh the altitude that's right the altitude from the altimeter and our speed from the air speed indicator it shows us the approximately how fast the airplane is moving through the air this is determined by the velocity of the air entering the pedo tube now where is this pedo tube it's located under the Leading Edge of the left wing okay the air speed from the air speed indicator that's right and now to determine what direction we're flying we can use either of the two compasses installed in the airplane this is the magnetic compass and it's used to determine the Direction the airplanes flying the last instrument we're going to discuss is the tachometer which is located on the left of the panel this instrument indicates how fast the engine is running now that we've looked the airplane over on the ground we've seen all of the components and the instruments uh we need to take it into the air and fly to fully appreciate what the airplane will do have you ever flown a light airplane before no I haven't well then why don't we do it today hey okay if you're ready to go I'll start the engine this is the radio that we use for two-way communication with the Tower and the microphone we use by holding up close to our mouth and talking into it when we call the tower we want to tell them who we are where we are and what we want to do and then we wait for them to give us the instructions okay Diana why don't you take the microphone and call the tower tell them who we are and that we're located in the East parking area and we'd like permission to tax it for takeoff and you can use this number here for your identification okay Tower this is musketeer 613 n we are in the East parking area and we would like to taxi for take off off for takeoff musketeer 6130 November Runway 18 wind 190° at 1 two knots Alim 32 clear your run up okay the tower told us that we are cleared to Runway 18 which is in that direction they also told us that the wind was from 190° which is a little west of South and that the velocity was 12 knots which which is almost 15 mph and the altimeter setting was 302 which will set into the little window on the right side of the altimeter now now that we're ready to taxi if you'll put your feet on the rudder pedals and your hands on the control wheel you'll be able to feel the control movements as we taxi okay now just relax I think you'll enjoy this to steer the airplane on the ground if we want to go to the left we'll push on the left Rudder pedal and if we want to go to the right we'll push on the right Rudder pedal now let's stop here for just a moment and check the engine out before takeoff there is a list of things we check before each flight it's known as a checklist Tower this is musketeer 6130 November ready for takeoff musketeer 613 November cleared for takeoff now move move out on the runway and line up on the center line and I'll Advance the throttle until we have full power keep it right on the center line with the rudder pedals and as we gain speed and the controls become more effective we'll smoothly pull the control wheel back until we assume a nose High attitude and the airplane begins to climb now that wasn't hard was it let's climb up to an altitude where the air is probably smoother and we'll start by turning the airplane first let's Bank to the left by moving the control wheel to the left and pushing slightly on the left Rudder pedal notice the Horizon to recover from this turn push on the right Rudder pedal and move the control wheel back to the right until the wings are level with the Horizon now let's do that again always look in the direction you will be going before before you turn to turn the airplane to the right we'll move the control wheel to the right and apply right Rudder to recover from that bank we'll move the control wheel and Rudder pedal back to the left until the wings are Level again with the Horizon now let's try some climbs and descents okay to climb we'll pull back on the wheel until the nose is up above the Horizon and to put it back down in level flight we'll move forward with the control wheel to descend we push forward on the control wheel until the nose is below the Horizon and to bring it back to level flight we'll pull back on the control wheel [Music] the airport is off to the right so let's turn in that direction [Music] now line the airplane up with the runway now we need to lose some altitude and slow the airplane up so we'll start coming back with the throttle reducing the power keeping the airplane lined up with the center line of the runway that's good now start coming back on the wheel just a little more very good keep coming back until we touch down on the main Wheels good job after a few more lessons like this you should be ready for solo well thank you I really enjoyed this lesson I hope you two have learned a great deal about the airplane and flight and have enjoyed my experience of discovering flying [Music] n [Music]