Crystal of Energy

[Music] Restless as the sea man's Spirit drives him on as it drove Columbus across an Uncharted ocean to the discovery of a new world [Music] in the centuries after Columbus New civilizations arose in the lands he had found man's Creative Energy built cities to rival those of Europe [Music] of all the lands discovered by Columbus none has had a more eventful history than the island where he established the first settlement in the new [Music] world none more vividly recalls the past high in the mountains of this island looking over valleys which once were Battlegrounds stands a fortress built more than a ago the Fortress represents the labor of thousands of men carrying heavy burdens year after year up steep Mountain trails in the great Citadel relic of a vanished age they left a monument to the energy of man in this our Industrial Age man has harnessed other at speed his building yet power-driven tools need human energy to guide them human energy from good food and good health from good nutrition a well-balanced diet all foods are divided into three main classes proteins fats and carbohydrates all three are sources of calories supplying the body with heat or energy so that the body may make full use of its food vitamins and minerals though they furnish no calories also are needed a balanced diet will contain nutrients in about these proportions proteins some 12% carbohydrates at least 50% fats and oils the balance protein a bodybuilding and tissue repairing material is supplied by Meat eggs milk products and to some extent by vegetables like peas and beans the amount of fat needed is not precisely known fat is a conc Fuel and some is required for palatability and to supply fat soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids foremost among the foods and vital to good nutrition are the simple compounds of Nature and starches which chemists call carbohydrates none of these dietary elements can be entirely replaced by others to receive full benefit from protein we need an ample supply of carbohydrate and we cannot get the full value of fat without carbohydrate obviously the amount of food we need depends upon our activity a grown man requires 3,000 calories a day vigorous exercise calls for [Music] more men engaged in heavy manual labor may need 5,000 calories much was learned about the the importance of calories in treating victims of war starvation recovery was slow when their diets were deficient in energy foods even though the diets contained all other elements needed for sound nutrition fortunately Nature has provided food in proportion to our needs more than 34s of all plant material is carbohydrate a pure carbohydrate which all green plants build in their leaves through the action of the Sun is sucrose or common sugar in this Crystal is stored the energy of the Sun a direct and inexpensive source of human energy sugar has a valuable place in the diet familiar sugar is identical with the sugar that furnishes most of the nutritive value of our common fruits sugar can be extracted from any number of growing things from date palms and a host of other plants in all of nature however two plants are best adapted to convert and store the sun's energy the sugar cane and the sugar be so they have become the traditional sources of man supplies sugar cane thrives in warm sunny climates with Rich soils and abundant moisture its history goes back to anti anity Alexander the Great more than three centuries before Christ brought Cain from India to the shores of the Mediterranean Christopher Columbus introduced it to the new world Cain has been called the honey bearing Reed crude sugar Mills were operating long before there were steam engines to drive them the cane was F by hand to Vertical rollers the juice was boiled until sugar solids formed for centuries cane has been sold as a confection in the markets of the world from the early 16th century the sugar industry flourished in the lands Columbus [Music] found gallions sailed the Spanish main with Treasures of sugar and Pirates sought it as eagerly as silver or gold cane brought from the West Indies was grown in Louisiana and Florida more than a quarter of a century before America became a [Music] nation with the steam engine came improvements in Sugar machinery sugar cane is grown from sections of the stock each joint in the stock contains a bud which Sprouts when planted in some areas cane is planted by machines the cane increases in sugar content as it matures in 12 to 22 months it is ready for Harvest the cane loves moisture in areas where rainfall does not provide enough moisture irrigation is practiced to yield abundant [Music] crops cane fills broad valleys grows on Mountain sides cane reaches to the ocean cane everywhere endless fields of cane ready for Harvest cities and civilizations have grown up around on the sugar cane economic Mainstay of whole countries to handle the Harvest are hundreds of great modern [Music] Mills some of them in 24 hours can grind 8,000 tons or more of [Music] cane a year a year and a half or more it has taken the cane to reach maturity now the Harvest begins the cane is cut at ground level the top sliced off and the leaves stripped from the stop with his sharp heavy knife a skilled Workman can cut several tons of cane in a day [Music] but the Machine age is catching up with the cane cutter newly developed Giants are appearing in many fields some doing the work of 50 men [Music] [Music] sometimes the cane is set a fire just before the cutting Begins the Flames destroy The Unwanted leaves but the juice filled stalks remain [Music] unharmed cane is grown in many lands and in widely varying circumstances local condition determine the best methods of harvesting and transporting the crop from field to [Music] Mill the cane is a perennial plant and like grass new shots spring from The Roots several crops may be grown without [Music] replanting raw sugar Mills performed the first industrial operation in the production of sugar the process begins with the grinding of the cane under great pressure when the cane has passed through a series of these heavy rollers the crushed fibers are almost dry the sugar Laden juice of the cane carries with it a number of other substances by careful processing these are separated from the sugar the juice is boiled in immense vacuum pans until crystals form high-speed centrifugal machines Drive most of the Molasses from the sugar leaving only a thin coating on the crystals this coating of molasses gives the raw sugar its light brown color raw sugar is 96% pure often more packaged by machines it is sent away for refining the cane fiber which remains after the extraction of sugar is called the gas some of it goes to fire the Factory's boilers some of it is dried and bailed and used to manufacture warboard and insulating material [Music] where conditions make it possible raw sugar is loaded in bulk into the holds of ships substantial quantities of sugar are refined in the areas of cane production in most cases however the raw sugar of the tropics is shipped to our ports for refining ingenious unloading devices lessen the labor of handling raw sugar in bulk other lands other [Music] methods most raw sugar is sent to us in Sachs sugar is the largest dry Cargo in our foreign trade here in the temperate zone sugar is consumed in greatest volume North America alone consumes 40 million pounds a day cane sugar comes to us from many areas from Cuba Puerto Rico and other islands in the Caribbean from Louisiana Florida and Hawaii and from the Philippines when raw sugar reaches the refinery it is treated with syrup then begins a process of purification and crystallization not unlike the processes involved in getting sugar from another source we'll leave the cane sugar refinery now to see about the other source snowcap mountains Barren slopes sunbaked Plains Far Cry indeed from the warm moist lands which grow the can but in Upland valleys the beat thrives as it does under a variety of growing conditions from the Great Lakes to the Pacific scientists are constantly striving to develop better strains of beets and to improve planting techniques Precision drills drop seeds at regular intervals in the road [Music] this method of planting reduces the later job of thinning to give each beat space for proper [Music] growth once done entirely by hand thinning by machines is rapidly increasing where rainfall is scaned man has harnessed Mountain Streams built dams to control the waters dug canals to channel them and thrown great pipelines across miles and miles of desert [Music] lands so water is brought to the Farmers [Music] Fields irrigation and sugar beat production have been the means of reclaiming vast areas of the West transforming arid wastes into fertile farms and productive [Music] communities water is life to the beat adapted to agriculture in the temperate zone the Beet matures in 6 or seven months by Harvest Time 34s of the beets weight is moisture the average beet weighs about 2 lb the Harvest begins when the beat lifter is driven through the fields it breaks off the long tap rots of the beets and loosens the soil around them now the leafy tops are removed from the sugar bearing [Music] Roots more and more machines are taking over the topping of beets not so long ago an exclusively hand labor operation [Music] the leafy beef tops are fed to [Music] livestock so two is the pulp which remains after the sugar has been extracted from the Beet thus these byproducts of the Beet are converted into meat and milk manure goes back to the beat Fields nutrients return to the soil mechanical Harvesters appear in the beat fields in steadily increasing numbers some are equipped with loaders which convey the beets directly to trucks [Music] one of these machines in a continuous operation uproots the Beats removes the tops and loads them [Music] Farmers often deliver their beats to convenient receiving [Music] stations a good Harvest and the beat piles [Music] grow these loaders take five tons at every bite [Music] the beat still must be taken to the factory which may be some distance [Music] away a good harvest indeed beats everywhere beats piled to the Factory's door at the factory the beets are unloaded into flumes of swiftly moving [Music] water as they enter the factory the beets are washed carefully to remove the last bits of soil that may cling to them [Music] [Music] the washed beets are carried to weighing scales and then to slicers from the slicing machines the beets emerge as thin strips these are emptied into large diffusion tanks where the sugar is soaked from them by hot water the juice is treated to remove some of the non sugars it contains and filtered several times in great evaporator tanks the juice is boiled to a heavy syrup from here on generally speaking the processing of beet sugar parallels that of cane sugar now the syrup is boiled in vacuum pans until it is full of sugar crystals close laboratory control is kept over every step of the processing of beaten cane sugar the centrifugal is common to beach Sugar factories and Cane refineries here the crystals are Whirled against a screen which filters out the syrup and leaves the pure white sugar molasses is Sugar's most important body product after various treatments it will find innumerable uses in food in industry and [Music] Medicine sugar refining has a single purpose to extract pure sugar just as it was made by nature in plants though grown under widely different conditions the cane and the Beet yield an identical sugar the sugar of Commerce sucrose screened and dried sugar is packaged in a variety of ways in 100b sacks in paper bags of various sizes filling and sealing are done by machines [Music] lump sugar specially treated and sometimes individually wrapped goes into small cartons cartons two for brown sugar for granulated and for powdered sugar not only is sugar an important energy food in its own right it is an important ingredient in hundreds of of other foods to keep them Harvest fresh through all the seasons sugar is used in Canning nearly all fruits rich in sugar to our most packaged breakfast foods Meats especially hams and Bacons are cured and flavored with sugar but sugar is more than a sweetener of other Foods in baking sugar acts as a food for yeast yeast converts part of the sugar in bread dough to carbon dioxide gas the gas raises the dough and gives the bread it its familiar texture and contributes to the golden brown color of the crust sugar used in baking cakes improves the texture and prevents drying out [Music] sugar Blends flavors and lends taste appeal to the many nutrients of [Music] candy sugar not only sweetens carbonated beverages but gives them body sugar lends the desired sweetness to ice cream and contributes to its texture chemistry and medical science have brought sugar or its derivatives to the drugstore it's there in some form in any number of things to name just a few cough ser sugarcoated pills penicillin citrate of magnesia vitamins Cosmetics toothpaste anesthetics antiseptics and surgical dressings the main source of the citric acid used in blood plasma is beet sugar molasses never content science has lured sugar or its derivatives into the composition of such unexpected things as Plastics synthetic rubber paints and varnishes pencil leads glue and gum paper Flashlight batteries and Camera films in the manufacturer of explosives sugar plays an important part no less important are its uses in Industry there's sugar in the composition of welding rods sugar products in some of the molds used in shaping Metals essential to Modern building thus a source of man's energy helps to build his Industries [Music] day by day more is being learned of Sugar's role in human nutrition in chemistry in medicine untiring is the quest of new and greater usefulness to mankind for this versatile product made by nature in the cane and the Beet Giver of energy from the Sun this magic Crystal sugar [Music]