COLOMBIA AND VENEZUELA
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Year Published: 1944
Description: Encyclopædia Britannica Films Inc., EB Films for short, produced educational films from the 1940s through the 1990s. This black-and-white film was originally released on December 19th, 1944. The educational film covers raw materials, production, import and export, and agriculture within the region focusing on Colombia and Venezuela. It was the third film covering The Caribbean Region, and it was produced in collaboration with L. S. Rowe, Ph.D., William Manger, Ph.D., and the Pan-American Union. Given the release date, it appears likely that this film was at least partially funded by the U.S. Government as part of the WWII "Good Neighbor Program", promoting political ties between North and South America. The film begins with a map showing Central America, the Caribbean Sea, and the most northern countries of South America (00:15). The Andean mountains in Colombia (00:30). A map illustrating the division of the Andean Mountain into three ranges, Llanos and Orinoco River in Guiana, and the Caribbean lowlands (00:35). Aboriginal people of the region farming (01:01). A local village market (01:14). An illustration mapping out the Spanish colonization of the area in the 16th century (01:20). A statue of Simon Bolivar, the South American General who freed Peru, Bolivia, Panama, Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador from the Spanish colonizers (02:06). South American children (02:18). Slaves working in the coastal areas (02:25). A map showing the areas, where gold is mined (02:37). A gold mining factory in the Andes Mountain Range worked mainly by slaves (02:41). Coffee is harvested and laid out to dry by local women on a small farm (02:50). A much larger coffee farm (03:13). Donkeys transporting coffee sacks along the mountains (03:28). Cacao trees growing in the Cauca Valley in Colombia (03:37). Sugar cane fields also have a place in South America’s diverse agriculture (03:48). Bananas are harvested in lower valleys of the region (03:59). Cotton fields are harvested using modern tools attached to horses (04:13). A tobacco field (04:20). The Magdalena River valley (04:36). An outlet port in the river for import and export of production transported by ship (04:41). The main seaports of the area portrayed on a map (04:56). Llano’s grasslands are used for stock raising (05:26). A cattleman is driving his herd of cattle to the city to be sold for meat and hides (05:34). Cattle are transported on boats down the Orinoco River for slaughter in coastal cities (05:48). The lower valleys of the Llanos are flooded due to the tropical climate (05:58). In the Guiana highlands mahogany woods is used to produce Balata, a gummy substance to insulate electrical work (06:25). Other products of the highlands are Iron, Bauxite, and Diamonds (06:39). The principal port of the Orinoco River in Ciudad Bolívar (06:45). A map illustration the strategies of growing certain crops on lowlands and certain ones on the highlands (06:56). Oil is found in abundance around Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela, in Trinidad, and Colombia (07:07). A summary of the products, productions, imports and exports, and geological diversities of the entire Northern region of South America around the Caribbean Sea (07:43). Inland cities function as manufacturing points for processing the raw materials sourced and farmed in the region (08:13). A cotton factory (08:18). Saddles made from cowhide (08:31). Ships sailing up the rivers (08:35), trucks driving on mountain highways (08:47), railway lines transporting freight (08:49), and lastly and most recently; air transportation (08:54). A map illustrating the lines of import and export through different means of transportation (09:07). Bogota capital of Colombia (09:35). Caracas capital of Venezuela (09:44). A seaport city of the Caribbean (09:57). “Bring the World to the Classroom” production company slogan (10:21). “ MEXICAN MOODS ” WWII ERA MEXICO TRAVELOGUE FILM w/ CANTINFLAS & MAPY CORTÉS MEXICO CITY XD60934 by PeriscopeFilm
Complete Record: Encyclopædia Britannica Films Inc., EB Films for short, produced educational films from the 1940s through the 1990s. This black-and-white film was originally released on December 19th, 1944. The educational film covers raw materials, production, import and export, and agriculture within the region focusing on Colombia and Venezuela. It was the third film covering The Caribbean Region, and it was produced in collaboration with L. S. Rowe, Ph.D., William Manger, Ph.D., and the Pan-American Union. Given the release date, it appears likely that this film was at least partially funded by the U.S. Government as part of the WWII "Good Neighbor Program", promoting political ties between North and South America. The film begins with a map showing Central America, the Caribbean Sea, and the most northern countries of South America (00:15). The Andean mountains in Colombia (00:30). A map illustrating the division of the Andean Mountain into three ranges, Llanos and Orinoco River in Guiana, and the Caribbean lowlands (00:35). Aboriginal people of the region farming (01:01). A local village market (01:14). An illustration mapping out the Spanish colonization of the area in the 16th century (01:20). A statue of Simon Bolivar, the South American General who freed Peru, Bolivia, Panama, Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador from the Spanish colonizers (02:06). South American children (02:18). Slaves working in the coastal areas (02:25). A map showing the areas, where gold is mined (02:37). A gold mining factory in the Andes Mountain Range worked mainly by slaves (02:41). Coffee is harvested and laid out to dry by local women on a small farm (02:50). A much larger coffee farm (03:13). Donkeys transporting coffee sacks along the mountains (03:28). Cacao trees growing in the Cauca Valley in Colombia (03:37). Sugar cane fields also have a place in South America’s diverse agriculture (03:48). Bananas are harvested in lower valleys of the region (03:59). Cotton fields are harvested using modern tools attached to horses (04:13). A tobacco field (04:20). The Magdalena River valley (04:36). An outlet port in the river for import and export of production transported by ship (04:41). The main seaports of the area portrayed on a map (04:56). Llano’s grasslands are used for stock raising (05:26). A cattleman is driving his herd of cattle to the city to be sold for meat and hides (05:34). Cattle are transported on boats down the Orinoco River for slaughter in coastal cities (05:48). The lower valleys of the Llanos are flooded due to the tropical climate (05:58). In the Guiana highlands mahogany woods is used to produce Balata, a gummy substance to insulate electrical work (06:25). Other products of the highlands are Iron, Bauxite, and Diamonds (06:39). The principal port of the Orinoco River in Ciudad Bolívar (06:45). A map illustration the strategies of growing certain crops on lowlands and certain ones on the highlands (06:56). Oil is found in abundance around Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela, in Trinidad, and Colombia (07:07). A summary of the products, productions, imports and exports, and geological diversities of the entire Northern region of South America around the Caribbean Sea (07:43). Inland cities function as manufacturing points for processing the raw materials sourced and farmed in the region (08:13). A cotton factory (08:18). Saddles made from cowhide (08:31). Ships sailing up the rivers (08:35), trucks driving on mountain highways (08:47), railway lines transporting freight (08:49), and lastly and most recently; air transportation (08:54). A map illustrating the lines of import and export through different means of transportation (09:07). Bogota capital of Colombia (09:35). Caracas capital of Venezuela (09:44). A seaport city of the Caribbean (09:57). “Bring the World to the Classroom” production company slogan (10:21). “ MEXICAN MOODS ” WWII ERA MEXICO TRAVELOGUE FILM w/ CANTINFLAS & MAPY CORTÉS MEXICO CITY XD60934 by PeriscopeFilm
Transcription
[Music] so south of the caribbean sea includes the republics of colombia and venezuela and the colonies of british dutch and french guiana in colombia the great andean mountain system divides into three ranges central and the eastern cordilleras the latter continues across venezuela eastward are the guyana highlands a low plateau in the center are the janos or plains of the oronoco river system and to the north the caribbean lowlands hot and humid the plateau lands of the interior have a more pleasant climate and it was upon the plateaus that most of the aboriginal people of the region lived today the descendants of these indians cultivate crops in settled farm areas and dispose of their surplus in local village markets the indians were conquered by the spanish during the 16th century columbus explored the caribbean coasts in 15. balboa and pizarro followed and in 1511 colonies were established at darien and cologne from panama pizarro began the conquest of peru to the south shortly afterward the northern coast was settled founded in 1520 was the first of many permanent settlements indian treasure led explorers into the interior in 1536 quesada traveled up the magdalena river and founded bogota spain ruled the lands for three centuries and then led by sim levar the dissatisfied colonists set up the republics of venezuela and colombia britain france and holland consolidated their control over guyana intermingling of indians and spaniards has resulted in descendants of mixed blood called mestizos negros first imported for labor three centuries ago lived principally in coastal areas gold early sought by spanish conquerors is today mined in the rugged andes particularly in the cauca and atrato valleys gold is third in value among exports most of the labor in these operations is furnished by negroes agriculture is first in importance on the plateau coffee flurries especially well and today is the most valuable single farm product a leading factor in the economy of both colombia and venezuela coffee is produced throughout the mountains sometimes on small farms such as this one but for the most part on large plantations operated by tenants and hired laborers mostly mestizos or europeans coffee production and marketing engage a large percentage of the people in export value coffee ranks second only to petroleum [Applause] in lower valleys a cacao is a leading crop particularly in the cauca valley of colombia most of it is processed in industrial cities nearby sugar cane is grown in the tropical valleys below the coffee and cacao cane products rank high in economic value in the same human tropical areas banana culture has been introduced successfully as in the west indies and in central america modern methods have greatly increased the value of the banana crop some cotton is grown in these same low valleys the land is well suited to raising tobacco and corn and other food crops the narrow wooded magdalena river valley is less productive it sustains some inhabitants mostly negroes on small farms down to the magdalena however go products from the interior for trench shipment to outlet ports and it is by way of the magdalena that import products are received thus the magdalena river highway is vital to intervally trade among cities otherwise isolated seaports on the caribbean handle the commerce of these inland cities so too northeastward in venezuela are principal inland cities with seaports of entry and exit to the south and east of the productive mountain areas lie the janos or plains of the oronoco river basin and the guiana highlands the state of bolivar is the most favored part of the janos for stock raising herds of cattle thrive on the long wild grasses the cattle industry has been important here since spanish colonial days cattlemen drive their herds to cities where they are sold for meat and for hides which supply tanneries and shoe factories with raw leather sometimes the cattle are taken by oronoco river boat to coastal cities for slaughter the lower janos inhabited mostly by indians are unfavorable because of the tropical climate with torrential rains and floods followed by droughts that destroy pasturage south of the oronoco extending to the great amazon basin are the wooded guiana highlands they are as yet virtually undeveloped here are to be had some of the finest tropical timber in the caribbean region cabinet woods such as mahogany are plentiful among other products is balata a gummy substance used extensively in making wire insulation go the most important mineral of the highlands there are also iron bauxite and diamonds these products go to ciudad bolivar principal port on the oronoco many scattered parts of the coast are low and tropical most sugarcane as well as cotton is grown in the lowlands at the mouth of the magdalena and kauka rivers some is grown also in the coastal regions of the three guyanas petroleum is by far the richest product of the lowlands it is found in abundant deposits mainly around lake maracaibo in venezuela in trinidad and in colombia thousands of wells along the northern and northwestern coast give venezuela third place among oil producing nations of the world the crude oil is sent through pipelines to loading ports from whence most of it goes to curacao and aruba in the dutch west indies to be refined thus this region produces a wide variety of materials coffee cacao and mixed farm crops cattle and hides forest products sugar cane bananas and cotton petroleum and asphalt gold platinum and gems products from the interior go to bogota medellin and monizales in colombia valencia and caracas in venezuela these inland cities are important not only as jobbing centers but as manufacturing points where raw materials such as cotton are processed these products supply chiefly local needs such as dresses and hosiery hides from the hinterland here are transformed into saddles and other leather goods connecting these widely separated cities are lines of transportation river is the earliest mode of travel here then mountain trails some now made over into truck highways railway lines most of them short connecting some centers and finally air transportation which in recent years has contributed more than any other factor to the development of the region by these transportation links the inland centers are joined to the seaport cities out from these coastal cities go exports of the region destined mostly for the united states and europe through these ports and over the same interior routes are received mainly from the united states machinery automobiles instruments foodstuffs textiles and chemicals for distribution throughout the region in inland cities such as bogota capital of colombia modern economic growth is combined with cultural heritage handed down from the early spanish conquerors caracas the venezuelan capital although modern and progressive likewise retains much of the old spanish culture in the seaport cities of the caribbean such as barranquilla and cartagena there too is an atmosphere reminiscent of the spanish maine amid modern business activities commerce typical of a progressive south american region sharing in a program of cooperation with other regions of a modern world you
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