CALL OUT THE GUARD

[Music] all right settle down settle down today as part of our continued training and riot control we're going to show you a film which reviews our division in action in our state mission particularly in natural disasters and civil disturbances keep in mind that this film ties in directly with our federal mission during times of national emergency the procedures shown in the various training scenes can be applied anywhere in the world under wartime conditions okay let it roll this was the scene at Oakland Illinois shortly after a devastating tornado touched down and cut a path to the center of the village the storm claimed 30 lives and destroyed millions and property in the aftermath of the storm the mayor of Oakland and the sheriff of Cook County appealed to the governor of Illinois for National Guard assistance it was granted immediately [Music] this is the headquarters for the Illinois National Guard at the state armory at Springfield as the adjutant general Major General Lee om Boyle arrives to implement the governor's executive order that will send Illinois Army Guardsmen into the disaster area in Chicago elements of the same 33rd division Illinois Army National Guard are dispatched to the disaster site immediately a Guardsmen will assist Oakland local authorities and restoring power and communications as well as helping to maintain law and order the assist the Oakland Fire Department by contained a local population who quickly gathered to watch the firemen battle a blaze like this tornadoes always produce tremendous damage and debris and the job of cleaning it up becomes the order of the day to these Illinois Garcia it's just plain hard work however guardsmen face up to this task as part of their state mission one that they are trained to fulfill these members of the 108th Engineer Battalion are seen operating heavy equipment employing special skills they acquired through training in the National Guard these skills are often used in their civilian jobs as well some jobs call for a pair of good arms and strong backs like in these scenes there are no shortcuts to removing fallen trees and there are lots of them in this devastated area helping tornado victims search for personal effects as another unpleasant duty Guardsmen performed in Oakland predicting where or when a tornado will strike is impossible however it is comforting to a community to know that our citizen soldiers in each state ready to respond to a call for help in an emergency as victims of this disastrous tornado will acknowledge these scenes are a grim testimonial of the tremendous destructive force that nature can inflict on a community at any moment the National Guard is the only force immediately available to a governor of a state to meet such an emergency when a job is finished in one area the Guardsman moved to another that is after a fast coffee and donut break provided by the smiling Red Cross worker cars will perform other duties in disaster areas like protecting property from looters or keeping the curious spectators who just want to see the tornado damage from overrunning the area the guards orders are keep them out and out they stay all in a day's work for these Illinois Army National Guardsmen this is Chicago Illinois looking west on a hot humid summer evening everything appeared normal the local population was just settling down for the night to keep cool that is some of the living a unit of the Chicago Police Department was on a routine call when this explosive situation took place police arrested individuals in the area immediately as a measure to prevent the violence from spreading they call enough for police reinforcements more arrests followed still the violent incidents continue to escalate one violent act followed another place Authority was challenged in different sections of the area as arrests continued while the situation appeared to become a major disorder [Music] some of those arrested were carrying weapons in this instance it should be noted that the successful accomplishment of an act of violence can set off a chain reaction of violence within an area previously peaceful this was the exact situation in the previous scenes Chicago police were now faced with other detrimental factors looting and fire has appeared on the scene experienced here and in other American cities or riots took place reflected that the utter disregard for law and order are the direct result of confusion and violence among people who under normal conditions would not commit an unlawful act ride patterns include the looting and burning of homes and business establishments the psychology of burning a looted business or residence is to destroy any evidence that might lead to the looters [Music] histories of riots here and another city show that liquor stores are the targets of writers consumption of liquor will further insider model the empty bottles are then used to make Molotov cocktails as arrest continued the situation became worse Chicago's police for being committed over a larger area power lines and fire hoses were cut in some sections which set the scene for further acts of violence police searched darkened establishments for looters a new fire broke out around the right area but the larger number of its police force is committed to the right area the situation still showed no sign of decreasing violence incidents of violence against the police continued looting and fires were on the increase all of these factors combined created an almost impossible situation for the enforcement of law and order [Music] we're policemen were now confronted with the additional dangers of snipers in several incidents Chicago police were fired upon by snipers who used the cover of darkness to carry out their acts of violence Chicago's police performed in a manner becoming one of this nation's larger metropolitan cities in enforcing the law in a countless number of instances during this riotous situation there were no incidents of serious injury or fatality due to police action yet on several occasions police were subjected to sniper fire and mob violence played by the spread of new violence the over-commitment of police forces in manpower capability new fires and increased looting Chicago's mayor asked the governor for National Guard assistance the governor reacted quickly and once again the adjutant general put the order into effect that sent Major General Francis P Kane and his staff to their command post headquarters product Chicago's northwest armory having already met with Chicago's Police Superintendent on a basic plan general Kane orders his chief of staff Colonel Stephen Crane to meet with Chicago police officials to work out the final details meanwhile the calls are already in progress that will bring Illinois citizens soldiers from their homes and jobs to the armory one call after another from one Guardsmen to another by radio and television the familiar order goes out for being called up report your unit immediately Guardsmen proceed by car public transportation they pick one another up they get to the armory any way they can and quickly [Music] Guardsmen arrive at the Armory to do a job not one they particularly like but one they know must be done [Music] not far from the National Guard Armory Chicago police officials meet at Central Police Headquarters a guard chief of staff and the chief of Chicago's uniformed police captain John T Kelly elaborate on the orders they received from their respective superiors to coordinate operations between guard and police forces each officer present represents a force or operation that will ultimately restore a law and order to the right stricken area their only concern is to protect lives and property and to maintain law and order having agreed upon the respective responsibilities they return to their units to carry out the plan at the Armory Guardsmen draw equipment and weapons that they will need to fulfill their part of the operation the uncertainty of what might happen weighs heavily in their minds however the thought that they represent the side of the law and order precludes any doubt to their minds as to the outcome of this call [Applause] general keno issues some final orders to his headquarters staff this is the dangerous area this is for a police experienced sniper fire last night My Orders are that if our men are fired upon they are to return the fire and shoot to kill shoot to kill very strong language to a Guardsmen but there's strong words for the snipers too these guards would know that unless they are fired upon first they'll never have to carry out that order as the troops move out to the riot area it is interesting to note that riots are not exclusively credited to the Space Age era violent expression was first recorded in the year 1794 when the first disturbance of record dealt with the federal government over an excise tax on corn liquor and took place in four counties of Pennsylvania since then there have been many such a riotous incidents including a countless number of motivating factors the worst riot of record in Chicago took place in 1894 20 were killed in connection with railroad strikes it took a total force of 14000 militia police and law enforcement officials to restore order once the guardsmen reached the ride air here they are stationed in positions for groups or gatherings might form it is their responsibility to see that these groups are dispersed Guardsmen restrict areas where power plants or utilities are located there are usually the targets for Reiter's locations we're known sniper activity was reported our heavily patrolled snipers were reported firing from rooftops in this vicinity [Music] patrolling both sides of the main streets Guardsmen are alert to any unusual or suspicious incidents they are in close contact with one another and maintain direct radio contact with the respective command posts guard vehicles crowd the streets to reinforce patrolling elements if the situation would require all day and into the night Guardsmen patrol their stations fortunately the presence of these Illinois National Guardsmen in force and armed had a positive effect and the violence diminished two isolated incidents I'm into the long night and over several days Guardsmen maintain their peace producing vigil [Music] the advent of a cooling rain shower improved the situation even more as disturbances diminished to the uneventful level finally only a few minor incidents involving cranks remained on the scene police units once again were full control of the situation as Guardsmen were gradually relieved of their duties and began returning to the armory they remained at the Armory's for a short period to ensure against any regeneration of violence during this entire period of duty a second contingency plan was in effect it provides for additional National Guardsmen if they should be needed in a simultaneous situation such as this demonstration march on Cicero Illinois this plan keeps a backup force ready to meet just such an emergency as this I like the right scenes shown previously this is a peaceful demonstration there were however potential riders among this crowd this one put a violent resistance against suburban police forces much to his disadvantage the immediate apprehension of known or obvious agitators - the first step toward preventing a disturbance from becoming a major disorder National Guardsmen were on the scene and provided marchers with protection from the crowd as well as protection for the crowd if marches were incited to violence against them there's a good example of being put right in the middle of a situation mob actions and ideas are like a contagious disease they can induce spread rapidly from one person to another for instance a member of a crowd gets aroused by the crowd leader and before long has influenced the people around him and turned the influence to people around them these ideas sweep to innocent bystanders who in turn are caught in a wave of mob actions these Illinois Guardsmen keep the two faxes separated through a set procedure that they have acquired through training as both the Marches and the crowd shout obscenities and insults at each other the guardsmen are qualified to read a situation like this they adjust themselves to the noise and confusion around them they have been trained to realize the Imam may shout at them call them names throw things they also know the importance of holding their formation and do not allow their personal feeling to interfere but the impartial execution of the mission this was a delicate situation these Illinois Guardsmen came to face what now became a mob condition the marches were halted while the Guard commander ordered them out to disperse the mob was angered childhood at the guardsmen one obvious agitator was singled out by the police and was quickly pulled aside the other elements of the mob did not react to this police action they continued to argue and refused to disperse under guard commander's second order Guardsmen stood fast in a wedge formation and instances like this Guardsmen must be prepared for weird mob actions such as members of the mob shouting and challenging their formation as obvious from these things these Guardsmen are trained and well disciplined in the execution of their orders this display of organization is always the most effective force that can be applied against riders [Applause] [Music] [Applause] having warned a mob twice to disperse the Guard commander now issues a final warning and alerts the guardsmen to execute a wedge forward movement the wedge is an offensive formation employed to split a mob into segments the mob now confronted a formidable show of force by National Guardsmen back off and are quickly dispersed over a large area [Music] note the soldiery posture of these Guardsmen as they reflect proficiency in performing their mission [Music] the marchers continued through to the end of their long plan route without experiencing any serious incidents while guardsmen continued to watch them leave the area this March ended peacefully and these guardsmen from the 33rd provision of citizen soldiers once again to spread a most admirable image of the true purpose [Music] is how the guardsmen become proficient in fulfilling their mission well get some of the answers to that question here at Camp Ripley Minnesota two weeks out of every year the Illinois Army National Guard attends field training they engage in exercises for both state and federal missions a recent directive from the Department of Defense requires all members of the National Guard both Army and Air to participate in 32 hours of riot control training theory and the explanation of tactics precede the actual application of procedures in riot training in this exercise gozman will take the part of a mop to test the efficiency of a platoon defense mattoon will employ a wedge formation using a device known as a chemical agent disperser an agent disperser is used to break up a mob action it discharges finely powdered forms of agents that cause a burning or stinging sensation and can produce tears in part it is designed to neutralize the rioters yet it has actually harmless and inflicting injury [Music] the coordinator forward movement is done in cadence as a platoon leader positioned at the rear controls the forward movement another wedge formation of Guardsmen follows behind the first wedge as a backup force the effectiveness of this offensive maneuver has proven satisfactory under the most actual right conditions where it was employed today's Guardsmen it represents training or some future encounter this is the proving ground for the real thing what they learn in these exercises could well make the difference between success and failure under actual conditions by the way the use of this agent dispersor on the right conditions would depend on factors such as wind and surroundings you can see why looks like these Guardsmen have earned a well-deserved shower [Music] in another category of riot control training God has been prepared to simulate conditions in controlling a crowd during a demonstration March a demonstration March is a public display of antagonism towards some social political or economic situation throughout this country lawful demonstrations marches have been employed by various groups in the many many times the guard looks upon this type of duty as one that provides the protection of life and property the primary purpose is to prevent the disorder at the scene of a peaceful demonstration once again Guardsmen execute established procedures for protecting the marches as well as the crowds from one another note the almost exact formation that was seen earlier in this cicerone march and the manner in which the guard elements move forward on each side of these simulated marchers these guardsmen are trained to understand that any mass demonstration can get out of control at any moment the impetus can come from anywhere in the crowd or from the marchers themselves maintaining the formation and adhering to strict procedure are the ingredients of the effective force that is needed to discourage disorder when Guardsmen are committed to a demonstration March they coordinate the responsibilities with the local law enforcement agencies the plans that they're initiated as a result of a positive teamwork between police and National Guard elements this teamwork minimizes the danger of the demonstration becoming a riot as Guardsmen stimulate a crowd breaking through the initial sidelines of the March formation backup elements immediately move forward once again in a wedge they use a forward motion to push back or disperse the mob what you have seen in the first two categories of training in this film are the basic formats for right control training in the Illinois Army National Guard we now come to the specialized phase which involves special weapons devices and techniques at this National Guard field site near Joliet Illinois Guardsmen training counter-sniper measures in Garden language it is called anti sniper training under the special training Guardsmen learn to use sniping and infrared detection equipment and trained in advanced marksmanship and sniping techniques the Illinois Guard has a number of select four-man sniper teams that are used in right areas to support patrolling Guardsmen each man has his respective responsibilities and specialty that is vital in anti-sniper situations this Guardsman demonstrates the use of a meta scope used at night to detect any infrared rays coming from a hidden sniper using an infrared beam the proper use of binoculars in a right area is important penetrating eyes to seek out snipers working on distant rooftops are difficult to see locations all members of this four-man team trained to move without detection they must be able to estimate distances search areas as well as using telescopic sight in zeroing in on a target these men are all select marksmen and are well qualified in fire discipline this Guardsman is an expert with the sniper scope the weapon is used at night or in poorly illuminated areas by looking through his main scope sight the Guardsman can see his target clearly and that the target is illuminated from an infrared beam which is part of his sniper scope assembly in this group are other format sniper teams they're being instructed in the techniques and procedures of firing using the sniper scope all members of these select teams must also become proficient in map reading and procedures of cover and concealment they are required to qualify a select marksman with the sniper scope which they accomplish by firing at targets at night relying on the infrared beam to illuminate their targets these thirty third division medics standby for any eventuality business doesn't look too good by their expressions however they wouldn't have it any other way as members of the 33rd Infantry Division Illinois Guardsmen devote considerable emphasis to mark Kroon ship in view of your potential assignments whereby they might be required to fire quickly from guard vehicles or some other unusual circumstances in field exercises such as its patrolling action Guardsmen respond to quick commands this response is measured in split seconds experienced in a riot Torrance's have shown that were Guardsmen were employed in patrol actions success was attributed largely to the precision execution of their orders for all Guardsmen a complete understanding and application of the bayonet and right control is mandatory because of the proximity of this weapon to the rioters Guardsmen must follow strict procedures to avoid any serious incidents the use of a gas mask is always a strong possibility in a riot situation and this use of a gas mask could cause the guardsmen herself to become a casualty and reduce the efficiency of his unit senior guard officers also train a riot control and lend their valuable experience to training here Carl Curtin Mullen demonstrates the many uses of a grenade launcher this weapon can be employed to launch tear gas or other small explosives in a variety of situations such as eliminating a sniper who might secure himself in a building or pin down guard forces all Guardsmen are trained in the use of small arms as part of both their state and federal mission our story of the Illinois Army National Guard would not be complete without the 33rd division aviation battalion and its mission in riot control station at Chicago's Midway Airport they provide a communication link for the guard ground forces by flying and small observation planes as seen here this communication capability is a definite asset in observing a riot area using highly sophisticated communication systems they small aircraft can direct an action or report incidents from the air to ground elements of National Guard command post immediately [Music] helicopters to play an important role under right conditions due to their maneuverability it can also be dispatched quickly to an emergency area Guard pilots from the 33rd aviation battalion know every inch of Chicago area which is a valuable asset when it comes to saving lives these helicopters can be used to patrol greater areas in a ride zone and report crowd movement that might be undetected by guard ground forces we can't overlooked one other advantage using these choppers as the guard calls them for anti sniper activity whether sharpshooting Guardsmen at his side this chopper pilot can single out an area and get there in minutes [Music] it wouldn't pay a sniper to use a rooftop under these conditions the 33rd division aviation battalion has eight helicopters immediately available for any emergency it should be understood by all Americans that the use of National Guardsmen in riot control is an action executed by the governor of the state to protect lives and property when all other means of law enforcement had failed in conclusion Major General Francis P King the commanding general of the 33rd division Illinois National Guard puts it this way quote larger majority are the citizens of the great state of Illinois do not approve of violent demonstrations many of the fine people of our state have served in the Armed Forces and respect the uniform they also understand the Guardsman's to purpose the Illinois National Guard will continue to train and riot control and will be ready to combat disorders if called upon and the best interest of the people of the state of Illinois [Music] [Applause] [Music]