AV Geeks 16mm 2-13-2024

that hi everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the a Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 mm films and that was a short that was ultimately from the Mogul Brothers collection but uh via the prelinger archive and we digitized that for the prelinger archive and um it was part of the series called Curiosities which was kind of a newsreel type of thing and one of the Curiosities is women's softball so it's not really it's strange with they decide to say like oh we're going to capture this I think it's like they had footage of it and they're like oh well we'll just Market it as this what which uh is interesting about that uh baptism is the is the assembly line of like boom they get dunked and then boom boom they just like kind of firemen uh carry uh the or firemen line get them out of the water and get the next person in and it's it's really was kind of interesting uh anyway anyways I'm back um I had a miserable head cold and I think it's not gotten into my lungs which I hope I don't CU I get bronchitis but uh also my medical problem kind of reserved in a way and so I'm just going to reiterate do not if you're getting a bike for a kid do not get one that has a crossbar do not do not I don't care if there's boys bikes that have the cross bear and girls bikes that don't don't do it the time and the money I've spent tens of thousands of dollars on this no so that's that's my PSA all right it's very windy here and it's possible we might lose power uh so let's learn about wind and what it does [Music] enjoy [Music] do you know what makes this big Paddle Wheel on the windmill turn can you tell what makes this wheel [Music] turn as the wheel turns it moves this water pump the faster the wheel turns the more water it pumps by turning the wheel whe the wind does work for us the wind can do work in other ways it can push a sailboat across the lake or lift a kite High into the sky yes the wind can do work for us but how much work it can do depends on the force with which it blows what is [Music] wind although we can't actually see the wind we can see some of the things it does here we can see wind blowing away the smoke as it comes out of the chimney wind is air that is moving what causes air to move this pin wheel spins like the wheel on a windmill when air blows against it the force of the moving air turns the wheel now watch the wheel what makes the pin wheel turn when it's held over the burning candle it must be the force of air pushing against the wheel but where does the moving air come from does heat have something to do with it instead of a candle let's try something else that is hot this time we'll use an electric hot plate these electric coils make the air above the hot plate very warm now when we hold our pin wheel over the hot plate it turns again if we take it away it stops turning this Shadow photograph of the hot plate will help us explain why it actually shows the heated air moving upward now can you tell what makes our pin wheel turn it turns because the heated air that we have just seen moving up Acts just like wind the heated air moves against the wheel forcing it to spin round and round we can see that warm air moves up while cool air moves moves down to replace the warm air in the same way the air above our Earth behaves like the air above the hot plate warm air moves up and cool air moves down now suppose that you could look at our Earth from far out in space you would see that it was round like a ball surrounded by a layer of air because the Rays of the sun shining on the Earth are more direct at the equator than at the North or South Poles the Earth becomes warmer at the equator than at the poles in this way the air above the equator becomes warmer than the air above the Earth's poles this means that the warm air above the equator will move up away from from the earth while the cool air above the Earth's poles will move down toward the Earth in this way a current of air moves above the Earth and this moving air is what we call wind this is how the currents of air above the Earth would look if the Earth were not spinning but remember our Earth is is spinning in space and this spinning causes the currents of air to move about something like this this is why in certain parts of the world steady winds blow in the same direction most of the time long ago sailing ships took advantage of these regular winds to carry them across the oceans because the force of the wind is important we often need to measure wind one way we can measure the wind is by observing what it does a light wind barely moves the flag but a light wind may increase to a stronger wind the faster the wind the more powerful it is very strong winds are called Gale winds one type of very strong wind is a hurricane a hurricane is a storm with Winds of great force another kind of wind which is very strong and dangerous is called a tornado this narrow whirling funnel of wind can leave a trail of Destruction many miles long now do you see how great the force of the wind can be we already know something about the force of wind in sailing strong winds can cause such huge waves that a ship may have to change its course boats and ships must know both the Direction and the speed of the wind in order to sail safely airplane pilots need to know about the wind too a strong wind might Force an airplane many miles off its course in order to make proper Corrections for the effects of wind a pilot and his crew must know the speed and direction of the wind when they are flying every airport has instruments for measuring the speed and direction of the wind this instrument is called a wind vein it shows from which direction the wind is blowing the wind vein is connected to this scale which indicates accurately the direction of the wind this instrument is called an anemometer it measures the speed of the wind as the wind spins these cups around the anemometer registers the speed of the wind on this scale knowing about wind helps us forecast the weather too the wind moves clouds and clouds often bring rain or snow weathermen use balloons to learn more about winds that blow very high above the ground as the weather balloon Rises a small radio attached to the balloon sends back signals to the weather station this information often helps weathermen forecast our weather the study of moving air or wind is important in another way sometimes the wind picks up and blows so much sand and dust that we call it a dust storm dust storms sometimes entirely cover houses or Farms this is just one of the ways in which the powerful effect of the wind can change the surface of our Earth all all of the time the wind blows somewhere on Earth the force of the wind can do work for us wind brings us our weather sometimes it can be dangerous but most of the time it blows gently and refreshingly bending the branches of trees or just helping us have [Music] fun funny how many of you invoked wondercat in this um I think wondercat did certainly cover this um topic but uh I think it's the fact that they're probably both aimed at the same age group um although maybe skewed a little bit later but the the same way the the kind of slow the deliberate uh dialogue all that stuff is stuff that uh is definitely a Wonder cat but for some reason because there's not an animated cat who's asking the most inan questions um I'm able to deal with this I think also the music too the music is not I don't think there was any music in this but uh the music in wondercat drives me nuts so I get it um here's space science an introduction enjoy TM has 15 seconds guidance is internal 12 11 10 9 ignition sequence start 6 5 5 4 3 2 1 zero all engine running lift [Music] off [Music] it's clear the tower Roger Tower CLE we're getting a roll program after hundreds of years of dreaming about it we're finally able to really leave our planet and travel into space we know how Earth looks from space we know how the moon and many of the planets look up [Music] close we've seen our Milky Way and neighboring galaxies in ways we've never seen them before from instruments in [Music] space when we leave earth when can we say we're in space well we can say that space begins where our atmosphere is too thin to have much effect on things that are moving through it this is at an altitude of about 60 M or 100 km space begins here and then we divide it space between Earth and Moon is CIS lunar space that's a circle with a radius of about 400,000 kilm about 65,000 kilom from the moon lunar space begins this is where the moon's gravity becomes stronger than the Earth's interplanetary space is all the space the planets move through it's also called solar space because the sun is the most important gravitational influence here Interstellar space lies between the stars of our galaxy an Intergalactic space lies between the galaxies now to get into space you first have to overcome the Earth's gravity it's easy to do that you overcome gravity every time you throw a ball gravity and air resistance slow the ball until it stops Rising then gravity pulls it back to Earth you can make a ball go higher by throwing it with more Force the more force you you use the higher an object will go you can shoot an arrow much higher than you can throw a ball you can shoot a bullet higher than an arrow and a jet will go even higher than a bullet because the great force that propels it is continuous a jet engine depends on air but Rockets can operate beyond the atmosphere where there is no air in other words in space rocket engines Supply the large continuous Force that's needed to overcome gravity for space travel I can show you what happens to these space Vehicles let's suppose this saucer represents space and this metal ball represents a space vehicle now some space Vehicles rise into space and then fall back to Earth again some stay in space but follow a path or orbit around the Earth like Skylab does and some escape the Earth like the Mariner probes to Jupiter and Saturn but let's start with the vehicles that fall back to Earth here's a rocket almost ready to be launched the final fueling and checking of all the important parts of the rocket is nearly completed this is the countdown nearby are the scientists and technicians who direct the countdown and monitor the Flight of the Rocket 3 2 1 now the fuel begins burning in the rocket engine hot gases rush out of its tail and the rocket begins to rise let's see why the same force that pushes the gases down out of the rocket pushes up on the inside of the rocket this upward force is called thrust if the thrust is great enough it will push the rocket into space as the rocket Rises its speed keeps increasing we say the rocket is [Music] accelerating we can see what happens to an astronaut riding an accelerating rocket by imagining him in an elevator and on a scale the elevator will will provide the acceleration and the scale will show its effects before the elevator starts our astronaut weighs 157 lb or 71 kg the weight is caused by the force of gravity Watch What Happens now as we start moving the elevator up and its motion accelerates going from zero to a maximum speed we'll stop the film while the elevator is still accelerating now notice the astronaut's weight it's increased from 157 lb to 259 lb or 117 kg that's because the force that causes the acceleration upward also causes an opposite force that pushes downward on the astronaut this downward Force acts like the force of gravity so it's called a G force or Gravity Force if the astronaut's weight had doubled we would say that he was undergoing two gs during a rocket launching a space traveler might undergo forces of up to 14 G's as the rocket accelerates to thousands of kilm [Music] hour after its fuel is used up the rocket continues coasting into space if the rocket is traveling less than about 30,000 km per hour the pull of gravity will gradually slow the rocket until it stops Rising then Gra gravity pulls the rocket back toward Earth again the rocket leaves space and re-enters the dense part of the atmosphere as its speed increases friction with the air makes it get very hot this heat of re-entry can destroy an object unless it's built to withstand extremely high temperatures now an object will stay in orbit around the Earth if it has the proper speed and direction the proper velocity this rocket will place an object into orbit the rocket is actually composed of several sections or stages each stage of a rocket can be powered by one or more rocket engines at the top a nose cone protects the satellite many satellites like this one are now in space orbiting the Earth they're called artificial Earth satellites because they travel around the earth like the moon does the moon is the Earth's natural satellite for you to see how a satellite goes into orbit let me use the metal ball and the saucer again you can see that with a little push the ball goes up a short distance and falls back to Earth now the harder I push the ball the farther it travels before it falls to Earth this time it went nearly halfway around I can make the ball travel all the way around several times by giving it a sideways motion and a high enough velocity now the ball is in Orbit the velocity required for an object to stay in orbit is called orbital velocity for an object within a few hundred kilometers of the earth orbital velocity is about 30,000 kmph a rocket that places a satellite into orbit it first Rises directly upward but the direction has to change for the satellite to go into orbit there are different ways to change the direction of a rocket in Flight sometimes small Rockets attached to the main rocket do it when one of the small Rockets fires that changes the direction of the main rocket another way to change a Rocket's direction is to have a pivotal engine when the engine tilts in One Direction that moves the tail of the rocket in the opposite direction after a while all the fuel in the first stage of the rocket is used up now the first stage Falls away and the next stage begins operating each stage increases the satellite speed until the satellite is traveling at orbital velocity and moving nearly parallel to the surface of the Earth then the nose cone separates from the last stage and splits apart then the satellite is released now let's stop the ball in the saucer here if it weren't for the Earth's gravity a satellite's motion would carry it in a straight line away from the earth but because gravity pulls the satellite down toward the center of the earth the satellite instead follows a curved path around the earth as long as the satellite has the proper velocity the force of gravity will hold it in orbit but won't be great enough to pull the satellite back to Earth the orbit is a closed curve called an ellipse at this point along the the elliptical orbit the ball has reached its farthest point from Earth this point is called a satellite's apog the point at which a satellite is closest to Earth is called its Pary as a satellite travels in orbit it appears to have no weight to see why let's look at our elevator astronaut again now at the top floor of the building his weight is again about 157 lb or 71 kg now we're going down as the elevator accelerates downward watch what happens to the astronaut's weight let's stop the film here at 60 lb or 27 kg if the elevator could be accelerated at the same rate as an object falling to Earth then the scale would indicate that the astronaut's weight had dropped to zero he would have entered a condition called weightlessness or zero g this is exactly the condition that an object is in as it orbits the earth both the object and the people or things it carries are said to be weightless as these astronauts are in sky laab in orbit around the Earth a satellite will stay in orbit until friction between the satellite and the air slows its motion down below orbital velocity and the satellite falls back to Earth and now for the space vehicles that leave Earth and don't necessarily come back for a rocket to escape the Earth's gravitational pull an engine must be used to give the rocket enough thrust to reach what is called escape velocity that's about 40,000 kmph at this velocity an object will not go into orbit around the Earth instead it will travel so far into space that other bodies of our solar system begin to exert a stronger gravitational influence than Earth does by reaching escape velocity Rockets have already sent probes millions of kilometers into space we've landed on the [Music] moon we've seen the cratered surface of Mercury we've orbited satellites around Venus and we've landed instruments on its surface we've mapped the surface of Mars from orbiting [Music] satellites and with probes that have landed there we've examined the red soil in a search for [Music] life we've sent probes to Jupiter and on to Saturn escape velocity from the solar system itself is about 100,000 km hour once we achieve this velocity we can send our instruments to other parts of our galaxy we can reach the [Music] Stars so some of you said seems like that footage is older and um they just added new narration certainly I think that's what they did in some cases is they Reus some of the animation and the guy in the uh elevator the astronut in the elevator um did they predict space elevators is that going to be what that film is known for um I should say when I was in college we would do something where we would take an elevator in our dorm and then as soon as it went started going down we would jump up so that we would kind of freef fall um and then boom when it when when we stopped which was probably a horrible idea cuz those elevators were horri horribly abused um so we probably could have ended up fatality uh all right um let's go to Tonga and learn about bar cloth art enjoy [Music] 40 million years ago our Islands were formed once part of ancient Polynesia the Kingdom of Tonga is where time [Music] begins my name is agnesi aafi and I'm 12 years old today is a very special day the king and queen are coming to our church for the first time and after that there will be a big Feast his majesty King tupu IV has ruled our kingdom since 1965 with Queen mat AO the Kingdom of Tonga is 2,000 m east of Australia in the South Pacific on the International Date Line and is the first country to see each new day there are 170 islands in the kingdom and my Village is on pangai Motu 20 minutes by vot from Nuku alaa the [Music] capital [Music] my best friend Adelaide and I live in the same Village and love coming to tongat tapu the main island sometimes we can see the king and queen and the celebration feasts are usually larger than on our [Applause] Island [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] feel [Music] [Music] our island is small but very beautiful it has been home to our family for as long as anyone can remember and there's everything here we could want although I do wonder what it's like to ride in a [Music] car [Music] oh there are 150 people in our village and I live with my parents my brother and sister the islands of Tonga are famous for the special cloth our women make called tapa and this morning my mother is working on a large tapa piece as a wedding present for my cousin [Music] funny my mother melee and I are very close and like working together taper cloth is made from the bark of the paper mulberry tree and is often made in very large sheets which later will be cut down and decorated with old family designs it's used for bed spreads curtains hangings and even traditional clothes like my cousin will wear for her wedding [Music] [Music] you [Music] my mother says the wedding has been set for two weeks from today and she must work hard to get this piece ready my father Danielle works for the government in the capital as a supervisor in the main Market but today he wants me to help him Harvest more trees for the village topper maker the paper mberry trees we use for tapa grow all over the islands my father says we must pick young tall trees with few knots and branches this way the bark will be wide and long and make the best taper cloth these trees will be enough for us to make a piece of tapa about 12 ft [Music] Square [Music] after we strip the bark we peel away the rough outer layer my mother says to be extremely careful not to cut the soft inner layer that will use to make the toer cloth after these long strips of in AAR are so overnight they will be joined into lengths of topper [Music] [Music] material for [Music] [Music] [Applause] spe come on [Laughter] you my grandmother halmi has been doing tapa work for almost 50 years and she says this afternoon we'll be preparing the tapa my father and I collected now that the inner bar is soft from soaking we beat it until it's about twice its original width but my grandmother says if we beat it too much the fibers will break down weakening the cloth where are holes or flaws in the fibers we fold the weak layers together and beat them into a strong section my grandmother says when we all work well together our rhythms are the music of Tona Now using tapioca we glue the strips side to side and end to end until we have large tapa sheets and by gluing as many as s to 10 layers on top of each other we can make thick strong cloths when this piece is finished it will be as big as the piece my mother is making for Fanny's [Music] wedding tomorrow is Saturday and adate and I will do the vegetable shopping in nuaa and afterward we'll help my mom at the special Craft Market for the tour booat that comes each week from [Music] Australia [Music] [Applause] [Music] my Que [Music] [Applause] [Applause] for foree [Music] [Music] fore thank [Music] you okay I'll take [Music] [Music] it [Music] [Music] Adelaide and I are very excited that we saw the king and queen [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] for [Music] [Applause] [Music] I've decided to try making a tapa present all by myself for my cousin's wedding and to take the design from this pattern of the Royal Crest thinks it's a wonderful idea and says my choice is good it's small but intricate and challenging and tomorrow she'll help me make some new tappa for my gift [Music] [Music] everything we use in tapa making grows here on the island and the D I use comes from this Koka tree oh no [Music] most Tapper pieces are made from raised patterns like this Royal Crest my mother says it's important to press through every line because as we glue on more layers to strengthen the cloth we want the final pattern to come through clearly by the time I'm finished my cousin's present will be three or four layers thick [Music] my mother says the pattern looks good and I'm very pleased now I must let the color and the glue dry then the design will be ready for highlighting with the black dye [Music] this morning I had an idea and my mother and father liked it I've written a wedding announcement for my cousin Fannie to be read over the Tonga radio [Music] station for [Music] [Music] foree [Music] [Music] [Music] my cousin's wedding is tomorrow and I should be finished in time our school holidays begin at noon and I'll have the rest of the day to finish [Music] it [Music] [Music] [Music] finally it's ready and I think it looks [Music] good [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] beautiful wedding and after the ceremony there'll be the present giving then dancing and feasting late into the [Music] night [Music] weddings are very formal occasions in Tonga and so is the present giving ceremony a special official the matle announces each person who gives a gift but I'm too shy and I've put my toer gift inside my Mother's so she can give it to my cousin and her new husband along with her own gift during the ceremony they can't show any reaction to individual gifts although when they find mine I'm sure they'll like [Music] it [Applause] [Applause] INE [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] pap [Music] [Applause] [Music] in all people [Music] for [Music] well that was kind of great um yeah that series is really awesome um kind of capturing some of the world cultures and how things were in 1980 ' 81 uh Tonga of course has been in the news a lot um uh they showed up in the Y2K documentary that I saw on um HBO Max uh Y2K Time Bomb which I recommend it's really great uh we actually helped uh with it uh we digitized some stuff for them and provided some stock footage but anyways Tonga of course was the first place to celebrate y 2K and so they were kind of looking to see what was going to happen to all the computers on Tonga to see if the infrastructure was going to shut down which it did not um then also the other thing with Tonga is the uh the uh top level domain. to that you see with some of your um web uh URLs to is Tonga so supposedly Tonga is making money off this and I could get an avgeeks doto uh for $30 a month or I'm sorry $30 a year if I wanted to pursue that which I don't know I don't know if I care um and the the other thing is some people mentioned the fact that uh they have a problem with obesity so I guarantee you that their uh their bodies are not used to all the outside junk food that has been coming in uh and so they probably um didn't didn't do well I think a lot of native people when they're confronted with the Western snack foods don't don't uh farewell uh with that um and finally I think uh Tonga listed as the third country that is um potentially endangered by um climate change because of the the rising sea levels uh because of the the types of storms that they get that kind of knocks out their uh country um and also tsunamis they had some tsunamis a couple years ago uh because of earthquakes and uh volcanoes at nearby Islands so Tonga in the news who who'd have thought it uh thanks so much for tuning in today very much appreciate um you dealing with my occasional cough uh so I'm going to say like this week so yesterday I was not here I did pre-recorded show well Thursday I'm also not going to be here um because I'm doing a screening at uh NC State for some film study students uh some intro to film study students so these are brand new eyeballs who've never seen anything like this before I'm going to blow their minds we're going to bring a projector in it's going to be fun uh then um Friday I'm going to go visit my dad for his birthday in Locust North Carolina so I will pre-record both of those shows but I am planning on being here tomorrow um you know who knows what can happen but I'm planning on being here tomorrow so thanks so much for tuning in thanks for all the watching all the vixs uh cough suppressant and cough drop commercials yesterday that was actually pretty great to to put those together and watch how uh cough drops have changed over period of time I guess I could have put some Halls mentholyptus um commercials in there too that I have in my collection but um I thought no we'll just do it all the Vicks that was a project we digitized for Duke University's abuse project um but if you like what you saw hit the thumbs up we like it um and also subscribe and um other things uh so uh I sometimes talk about this and gripe about it but uh the revenue that we make from ads from people watching YouTube has dropped uh by a third to a third um I'm happy to get whatever we get uh it's really not why we do what we do but it does help offset um the rental of the storage units and pay for things like uh Sharpies or uh a roll of stamps um but another way you can support us is just by doing those social media things to share who we are and what we do um because maybe that will trick the algorithm into thinking that we're popular and should share it with more people because that's what's what's happening ultimately the numbers aren't there because YouTube YouTube is just not bringing it up to people like it did uh a couple of months ago which I don't know why that is um but if you'd like to financially support us you can go to ko-fi.com avgeeks buy some coffee which we will drink or go to patreon.com avgeeks that's another way to support us but just showing up every day and reading your comments and I appreciate your well-wishing and uh we'll be back again tomorrow everybody take care and have a great rest of your Tuesday and we'll see you soon bye