50 YEARS BEFORE YOUR EYES

the Japanese marched into Manchuria the democracies were unable to get together to stop this first major act of aggression despite the efforts of America's Secretary of State Stimson and the Japs yelled Banzai here at home john d rockefeller at 93 closed out his days on his private golf course look at that swing [Music] overnight the depression was forgotten the Lindbergh baby had been kidnapped to help find him newsreels showed these pictures which had been taken by Colonel Lindbergh two months later in May 1932 the baby was found dead [Music] at Flemington New Jersey three years later in a sensational trial Bruno Richard Hauptmann was convicted of kidnapping and murder and sent to the chair on a routine flight in May 1932 the dinner-table Akron dropped her mooring lines in California suddenly a gust of wind swept her skyward and three men with her two of them lost their grip and their lives in the middle of that summer 15,000 unemployed veterans camped in Washington demanding immediate payment of their war bonuses the government called out federal troops the bowlers army was driven from Washington and their camp at Anacostia flats was burned on March 4th 1933 when the outgoing and incoming presidents of the United States drove to the new president's inauguration America was on the verge of panic our banks were failing our citizens frightened Franklin D Roosevelt began his inaugural address first of all let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to America soon got to know the Roosevelt's my wife is sitting next to me and on her knee is Anna Eleanor Tao our oldest grandchild and then comes my daughter Anna Dow and left fuzzy and then comes my mother what's our campaign slogan Cystic the NRS blue eagle came out of the New Deal's first hundred days so did the WPA and BWA the CCC and the AAA and in December beer came back happy days were here again [Music] evangelist Billy Sunday kept on fighting for prohibition I have the sworn eternal uncompromising and in religion traffic I asked no quarter and I give none I'll kick him as long as I have a foot I'll punch it as long as I have a fist I'll put it as long as I have a head I'll fight it as long as I have a tooth but I won't and mistress and footless and toothless I'll gullet till i behold heaven and it goes home whether in the hell the Depression had shortened temperatures throughout American industry in the middle 30s violent strikes broke out across the nation [Music] tear gas and brick Bats took the place of reason it was a black page in our history [Music] abroad King Alexander of Yugoslavia was welcomed by Frances great foreign minister var2 in Marseilles as they rode through cheering crowds and assassins struck holy rivers [Music] Alexander bar 2 and the assassin all died the u.s. female who had been moving in on men's territory since 1900 finally took away her husband's last prerogative his pants in may 35 this calendar Ontario cabin and its french-canadian owners Oliva and El Cid on became world famous their doctor was Alan to fall and their children were the first quintuplets in history to survive [Music] yes there were really five that the own quintuplets the world listen for every cool from little given Emily's a seal and net and Marie [Music] an American sensation was the new young heavyweight contender named Joe Louis the brown bomber had a murderous right and a left to [Music] George Bernard Shaw paid us a visit they're always glad to see me in America so now take a good look at me because I am the actual real low vision who they're not sure how do you like that Louisiana's kingfish Huey Long stumped for his share the wealth program how many men ever went to a barbecue and would let one man take off the table what's intended for nine-tenths of the people to eat the only way you'll ever be able to feed the balance with people is to make that man come back and bring back some black girl being got no business in the mid thirties dust storms devoured the drought-stricken farms of the Middle West dust all refugees wandered the land looking for work they added a new word Oh keys to the dictionary all distress mussolini decreed more babies to man his armies he got him [Music] he began training his wolf cubs as soon as they could walk as they got older their studies broadened by the time they reached manhood their training in barbarism was complete in 1935 against the backward tribes of Ethiopia Mussolini's wolf-cubs got their first glorious chance appealing to the League of Nations Ethiopia's emperor haile selassie was silenced by jeers from the fascist tea back home Alf Landen challenged the New Deal but carried only Maine and Vermont I believe that a man can be a liberal without being a spring breath in March of 1936 Hitler's new army marched into the Rhineland the world had started on the road to war the Olympic Games in Berlin had been planned as a hymn to Nazism but Hitler's bid was spoiled by an American Negro who ran the Aryan Superman into the ground his name was Jesse Owens [Music] that December the King of England gave up his throne to marry mrs. Wallis Simpson of Baltimore USA but do not believe me when I tell you that I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility but I want the help and support of the woman I love in 1936 the dirigible Hindenburg started passenger service across the Atlantic between Germany and Lakehurst New Jersey on may 6 1937 she was coming up to her mooring with 97 passengers aboard [Music] thirty-six died ending Atlantic dirigible service forever by 1938 Adolphe Hitler was ready for conquest in March the Nazis struck in Austria Hitler rode into me enough to take formal possession [Music] six months later Neville Chamberlain England's Prime Minister went to Munich with Mussolini and Goering at his side Hitler bulldozed and cajoled Chamberlain and Premier dodgy of France to sell out Czechoslovakia the last democratic bastion in Central Europe Chamberlain foolishly believed he was buying peace in our time without firing a shot the Nazis that won a major victory like home Chamberlain proudly displayed his worthless scrap of paper I had another talk with the German Chancellor here Hitler and here is the paper which bears his name upon it as well as mine we regard the agreement signed last night and the anglo-german naval agreement as symbolic of the desire of our two peoples never to go to war with one another again and so the Nazis enslaved Czechoslovakia appeasement did not buy peace Japan encouraged by Hitler's all defiance right with might stepped up the undeclared war with China Canton Soochow fell before the aggressors this was the era of refugees none more pitiful than those caught in the bloody civil war in Spain the dictators proving ground for world war ii [Music] Nazi Germany no Madison Square Garden USA the German American Bund [Music] led by Fritz Kuhn America's Nazi admirers in 39 used Hitler's methods to deal with their opposition [Music] Lou Gehrig struck out by disease said goodbye to 70,000 chopped up fans at Yankee Stadium they spawns courageous Ironman to the end I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth gruesome getti greatest of all on September 1st 39 without warning the German training ships lace me coach Stein opened fire on Poland these were the opening guns of World War 2 Nazi troops crossed the Polish border England and France declared war Russia now Hitler's ally stayed out pushed bombs dropped on Warsaw in one month it was all over in Poland after a winter of the phoney war the Nazi blitzkrieg hit for the second time in a generation belgian roads swarmed with refugees blocking troop movements part of the deliberate Nazi plan the Allies fell back upon the scene the miracle of Dunkirk rescued a whole army but a light night on the continent was broken the dictator Mussolini declared war on France on this 10th day of June 1940 the hand that held the dagger has struck it into the back of its neighbor on June 13 Paris fell a week later at Compiegne Hitler received the French surrender in the very railroad car where a 1918 the Germans had surrendered to marshal for their Fuhrer was elated now it was London's turn on July 10th 1940 the Battle of Britain began [Music] [Music] the way in the wood John said oh I see [Music] even as the bombs rained down the people of Britain found courage in the words of their new leader Winston Churchill Hitler knows that he'll have to break us in this island all over the wall we can stand up to him all Europe may be freed let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties so bear ourselves if the British Empire and it's Commonwealth lasts for a thousand year and we'll do this but they're fighting power back in America an army without arms when on maneuvers Wendell Willkie the Republican presidential nominee Ford Roseville's third term but supported the nation's preparedness program and in October our first peacetime draft began the first number drawn by the Secretary of War is serial number 158 Hitler and Mussolini hopeful victory before America was ready the Nazis invaded Russia in June 1941 and the free world turned to America now the arsenal of democracy off Newfoundland Winston Churchill met Franklin Roosevelt their unparalleled working friendship began with the Atlantic Charter [Music] then [ __ ] planes attacked without warning [Music] I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday December 7th 1941 a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire in May of 42 the Japs finally overwhelmed the gallant defenders of Bataan to general Jonathan Wainwright fell the heartbreak of surrender to Japan's Masaharu hama and Corregidor six months later America was on the offensive the gi's landed in North Africa from El Alamein Britain's eighth army smashed across Africa to desert victory in March 43 the British and Americans met the tide of battle was beginning to turn the Germans would hear more of the team of Eisenhower and Montgomery that summer Germany began to feel the combined might of the Allied airforces the RAF Lu by night the Americans briefed before dawned flew by day American power had swung the tide in 1918 now it was swinging it again [Music] [Music] on the home front that was a story of shortages of rationing of sharing and of saving service stars appeared in windows rolls of Honor in every town from our shipyards whole convoys took our unbelievable production overseas in Europe Nazi commandos rescued Mussolini later the Italians themselves brought him to justice history was over it had destroyed itself in the Pacific an ocean had to be one island by Island jab by jab this was Tarawa on June 4th Rome was liberated its citizens were free after a quarter of a century of fascist enslavement just two days later it was d-day in the greatest invasion in the history of warfare the Allies smashed ashore in Normandy June 6th 1944 the Allied airforces skimming the channel clips of France edge hopping across Normandy kept German supplies from the front at San lo General Bradley's armies broke out of the hedgerows and raced for Paris [Music] in Paris the French themselves rounding up Nazi troops struck the first blow for their liberation then in one of the great emotional moments in all history passions pent up during four years of Nazi occupation burst out on the citizen army from Connecticut and California Texas and Tennessee and on their commanders Eisenhower and Bradley the GIS marched in their father's footsteps down the showers ELISA Paris was free airborne troops struck dead on [Music] one paratrooper took his own picture as he jumped [Music] the Allies reached the Siegfried line in September the Battle of Germany began six months later at Remagen the GIS crossed the only Rhine bridge left standing and Americans kept the watch on the Rhine he will Jima and another aid shower in the Pacific here on each square miles of volcanic ash was fought the bitterest battle and Marine Corps annals finally the Yanks came back to the Philippines in violent combat Manila was liberated [Music] and General MacArthur returned to Corregidor I see that the old Flagstaff still stands have your troops choice of colors to its peak and let no enemy ever halt and down with victory in sight the Allied chieftains met at Yalta to plan for cooperation in the post-war world back from Yalta Franklin Roosevelt made his last public appearance been a long journey I hope you'll also agree that it has been so far a fruitful one speaking in all frankness the question of whether it is entirely fruitful or not lies to a great extent in your hands and on April 12th the nation was stunned by the news that the commander-in-chief was dead it was hard to believe [Music] victory was being won Americans like these carrier pilots in wounded planes were paying the price for that victory [Music] the carrier war in the Pacific reached its climax in the suicide attacks by Japanese kamikaze pilots or Okinawa [Music] [Music] the USS England magazine's hit by a kamikaze blew up on her burning deck the Franklin's chaplain gave last rites to the dying other crew men jumped to safety under her own power the Franklin came home America led the peace in San Francisco Russia's gromicko Britain's Halifax and forty-eight other delegates signed the United Nations Charter Secretary of State Stettinius signed for the United States while our new president looked on the Nazis quit first the Germans signed at Reims and general Beatle Smith gave General Eisenhower the Pens of the unconditional surrender with burn in itself had come crumbling down Hitler's dream of conquest whatever was left of his body was here in his shattered Reich's Chancellery another tyrant had met his inevitable end [Music] then the [ __ ] tyranny was blasted the atom bomb fell on Hiroshima this was one bombs told 2/3 of a city obliterated aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay the second world war in which 56 million had been killed or wounded came to an end General MacArthur signed for all the Allies 1 pen went to Wainwright of patan Admiral Nimitz signed for the United States let us pray that peace be now restored to the world and that God will preserve it always yes it was over everywhere peace it was wonderful New York's mayor LaGuardia read the comics on the radio ah yes big birthday let's see what Dick Tracy is doing and the picture shows kind of breathless stretching out she's got hold of that crime pot remember the iron pot she took from the Van Houten's gardeners flat to put the money in she knocked out and fake children what does it all mean it means that dirty money never brings any luck come back Hitler's gang the men behind the gas chambers where 12 million died went on trial during yes all the inner circles still alive faced allied justice to show the world that might does not make right the trial of the [ __ ] war criminals followed in Tokyo then was Hideki Tojo Japan's Pearl Harbor premier he hears the verdict death by hanging in the United Nations Security Council in April 46 Russia's Andrei Gromyko raised his hand to test alone dissenting ballot in debate on Russia's intervention in Iran outvoted he walked out history's most appalling war was not yet one year passed once more force challenged reason mankind now had one road to survival permanent peace that bikini the world limps the alternative [Music] soon Russia too would have the atom bomb to Gandhi's India came freedom with it came Gandhi's death the world mourned the man who winning independence without violence proved that good can conquer evil in London Britain's royal family greeted a future king of England princess Elizabeth's son Bonnie Prince Charlie America now led the worldwide fight for freedom in Czechoslovakia tyranny won premier gut wall danced to Moscow's tune to that same tune dance the Italian Communist toy yachty but many more Italians listened as Pope Pius the 12th exhorted them to repudiate the Reds here tyranny was beaten at the pole in Berlin an island of Western influence in a sea of red control east and west displayed their strength and rallies neither side one in the Republic of Israel born May 1948 the free nations of the world had gained an ally guided by premier ben-gurion and President Weitzman its future would be closely tied to that of the United States at home a beloved figure whose career had spanned most of the half-century said farewell soon afterwards Babe Ruth was nobody but the President himself came Harry Truman a chance in the 48 election but mr. Toman plugged away his whistle stop campaign while the experts to a man predicted that our next president would be the confident Thomas C doing I pledge to you that our next January 20 there will begin in Washington the biggest unraveling on Starling untangling operation in our nation's history on the election night the result was in doubt for hours the posters were wrong good-natured fun at a certain radio commentator hello I happen to wake up for some reason and the radio was turned on on the National Broadcasting Company and mr. Kelton barn was saying well the president is a million bucks ahead in the popular book we have yet to hear in the skies over Germany despite all kinds of weather America made good its promise to the people of occupied Berlin Russia's blockade of Berlin failed as the Allied airlift accomplished the impossible and supplied the city by air other u.s. supplies helped the world maintain its freedom through the program conceived by soldier statesman George C Marshall make no mistake about it the chips are down winning this struggle is as vital to the peace and prosperity of the world as any military campaign in history indeed unless we achieve victory our greatest military and financial sacrifices may have been largely in vain I fear America told the world it meant business in China the chips were down as the communist armies marched into Shanghai and to complete control of a nation of million Russia had gained a mighty friend Russia had lost a friend in marshal Tito's Yugoslavia but in East Germany new Reds paraded like Nazis of old just as it always had the American idea of freedom faced powerful challenges is the first fifty years of this century drew to a close the worst of these challenges was Russian communism the exact opposite of freedom it threatened free men all around the world terrible new weapons now in Russia's hands as well as our own make it necessary that we faced the threat squarely with malice toward none but fully armed physically and morally against any emergency for as the result of the 50 great years that have passed before our eyes the United States of America is entering the second half of this century as the most powerful nation in the world the American idea of freedom kept bright through hardships doubts and attacks has led millions upon millions to look to us for leadership it is no accident that America has achieved this leadership with its magnificent opportunities and its heavy responsibilities for America didn't just happen our country more truly than any in history has reflected the principles of righteousness and of the dignity of the individual which spring from the great teachings of all great religions principles founded on the firm belief that man is created in the image of God governments which deny these principles must in the end destroy themselves as we have seen in our own lifetime only freedom can go on forever but only the strong can be free [Music] with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right we shall strive on to achieve a just and lasting peace and to realize for ourselves and for all the world in the next 50 years the wonderful accomplishments we have begun in the past 50 we shall guard our freedom with our hearts our minds in our lives that all of those who have died to hand this freedom on to us like private Roger Young of Green Springs Ohio USA shall not have died in vain [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music]